《经济学家》读译参考 Translated & Edited by Chen Jilong

4）defer是指出于尊重或对他人权威、才学或判断的认可而让步：

“Philip . . . had the good sense to defer to the long experience and the wisdom of his father” (William Hickling Prescott). “菲利浦?很明智地在他父亲的丰富经验和智慧面前作出了让步”（威廉姆?希克林?普莱斯哥特）。

5）Submit表示经过无用或不成功的抵抗之后，出于被迫而放弃：

“What must the King do now? Must he submit?” (Shakespeare). “现在国王必须做什么? 他必须投降吗?”（莎士比亚）。

6）Succumb 强烈暗示屈服不可一世的或无法抵抗的事物：

“I didn't succumb without a struggle to my uncle's allurements” (H.G. Wells). “我对叔叔的诱惑未作任何反抗便屈服了” (H.G.威尔斯）

[11]camouflage：vt.伪装，掩饰

如：The military vehicles were camouflaged.军车被伪装起来了。

[12]safari：n.旅行，探险（复数：safaris）

[13] tally n. 符木(古时用,上有刻痕记载交货、欠款等的数量), 记账, 得分, 标记牌, 标签, 符合, 对应物, 计数器

ho：interj.嗬!（用来表示惊讶或高兴以引起注意或催促前行） 如：Land ho! Westward ho!停下！向西！

[14] sprawl vi.摊手摊脚地坐卧，平躺，倒卧；不规则的伸展；蔓延 如：sprawling on the sofa平躺在沙发上

suburbs that sprawl out into the countryside乱七八糟向乡间扩展的市郊

TEXT 9

Memoirs of a quail-shooting man 一位鹌鹑捕猎者的自述

The biggest d________① in hunters is taking place among the working class—among the “Deer Hunter” crowd in the small towns of the north-east, the ★rednecks[15] of the South and the cowboys of the West. Their places are being taken by moneyed professionals, （1）the sort of people who weren't brought up to hunt▲ but who discovered that it is a good way to ★flash their money[16] and make connections. The number of hunters with household incomes above $100,000 increased by more than a q________② in the 1990s. There are so many ★nouveaux chasseurs strutting around[17] the canyons of Manhattan that both Holland & Holland and Barbour have opened shops there.

捕猎人数减少最多的是工人阶层，包括东北部小城镇上的“猎鹿一族”、南部的乡下佬以及西部牛仔。腰缠万贯的职业猎人霸占了他们的捕猎领地，这种猎人原来压根不曾想过要去打猎，但后来却发现打猎对于炫耀财富并疏通人际关系而言，是一条不错的门路。20世纪90年代，家庭收入10万美元以上的猎人总数增长了四分之一还多。猎人中的这些新贵趾高气扬地在曼哈顿峡谷中悠哉游哉，引得Holland&Holland和Barbour两大品牌都在那里开张营业了。

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《经济学家》读译参考 Translated & Edited by Chen Jilong

Mr Cheney's own expedition was a lot closer to “Gosford Park” than “The Deer Hunter”—a group of fat old ★toffs[18] （2）waiting for wildlife to be ★flushed[19] towards them at huge expense▲. There has also been a big increase in so-called “exotic hunting”, where guests not only go after i_________③ species such as wolves and bears, but also blast away at imported zebras and giraffes. （3）Convenience is essential for the hedge-fund crowd. ▲Most exotic hunts take place in ranches from which the animals can't escape (Texas has 600). Exotic hunters can shoot elephants from cars or from the backs of other elephants, sometimes the orphaned calves of the victims of previous hunts. For the truly lazy there is “just-in-time shooting”, where animals are trained to turn up at certain hours, and “internet shooting”, where you can g________④ the gun from your desk. All this removes much of the inconvenience from hunting. （4）It also removes its main justification—that it is the most natural way of culling local wildlife. ▲

切尼先生看上去更像是“高斯福特公园族”而不是“猎鹿一族”。所谓高斯福特公园族是指一群上了年纪的、大腹便便的纨绔子弟，悠然自得地等着出高价雇来的人将猎物赶进他们的射程。还有一种所谓的“异国情调式打猎”也越来越受青睐，其间猎人不仅可以捕猎土产猎物如狼、熊等，还可以猎杀从国外引进的斑马、长颈鹿。对在围场打猎的人来说，方便是第一位的。大多数“异国情调式打猎”都在猎物无法逃走的牧场进行（在得克萨斯州有600个这样的牧场）。异国情调式猎人可以坐在汽车上或是躲在其他大象的身后射杀大象，有时也射杀一些已经中弹的落单小牛。要是实在懒得动，可选择“准时射击”，也就是把猎物训练好，让它们能在特定的时候出现在枪口之下。另外，还有一种“互联网控制射击”，猎人坐在电脑桌前可以遥控猎枪。如此种种，省却了打猎中的很多不便，却也让享受这种方便的猎人们无法自圆其说——他们坚持认为打猎是土产野生物优胜劣汰最合乎情理的方式。（言下之意，就原来意义上的打猎而言，猎物存在于大自然之中，有的有能力逃过猎杀，有的则难免落网，这倒有点像优胜劣汰。然而无论是围猎还是遥控射猎，被猎杀的动物要么无处可逃，要么被迫自投罗网，何言优胜劣汰呢？）

America's anti-hunting movement is tiny by British standards. But （5）it is gathering momentum,▲ with the mainstream Humane Society taking an increasingly tough line and even conservatives protesting about exotic hunting. (The examples above are taken from “Dominion: The Power of Man, the Suffering of Animals, and the Call to Mercy”, a remarkable book by Matthew Scully, one of Mr Bush's former speechwriters.) The ★squall over [20]Mr Cheney's behaviour in Quailgate will probably die down, providing Mr Whittington survives. But the d________⑤ over hunting will go on growing. 美国的反狩猎行动相比英国还有些微不足道，不过随着动物保护协会的声势日益高涨，并且连保守派也开始反对异国情调式捕猎，（上述例证引自《统治权——人类之力量、动物之苦难和仁慈之感召》一书，这本好书的作者马修?斯佳丽曾是布什总统的演讲撰稿人之一。）反狩猎行动已经蓄势待发了。假如惠廷顿先生没有生命危险，切尼在鹌鹑门所作所为引发的喧嚣也许将渐渐消逝，不过关于狩猎的争论将会日趋激烈。

完型填空答案：

1、decline 2.quarter 3.indigenous 4. guide 5.debate

★★★NOTES注释★★★

[15] redneck n.【无礼用语】 【俚语】 红脖子，乡下佬（对属于农村劳动阶层、从事露天劳动，特别是美国南方这一阶层白人的贬称）；红脖子（被认为是持有狭隘保守，经常是有偏见的社会政治观点的人）

[16]flash their money 炫耀他们是有钱人

flash vt.& n.【俚语】 招摇（庸俗华丽的或炫耀式的展览）=flaunt

“The antique flash and trash of an older southern California have given way to a sleeker age of cultural hip”

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《经济学家》读译参考 Translated & Edited by Chen Jilong

(Newsweek)“旧南加州往日的炫丽与糟粕，早已被文化嬉皮的时髦时代取代”(新闻周刊)

[17] nouveaux adj.新近到达的，新近产生的 chasseur n.（法语）猎人

strut vi.昂首阔步，神气十足地走

[18]toff：n.有钱人，花花公子

[19]flush：v.惊起，从隐蔽处赶出

[20]squall：vi.狂风吹袭；狂叫，狂吹 n.尖叫声

补充背景材料： Gosford Park：《高斯福德庄园》是一部电影的片名，又译作《迷雾庄园》，故事发生在30年代的英国，高斯福德庄园名流云集。富有的庄园主威廉?麦考德和妻子西尔维娅邀请了一些朋友举办狩猎会。客人包括西尔维娅的姨妈康斯坦丝伯爵夫人，西尔维娅的姐夫安东尼?梅瑞蒂斯，大明星艾维?诺威鲁，以及美国电影制片人莫里斯?魏斯曼——他来英国为他的下一部“陈查里”电影作准备。 热闹的庄园里还有一群人，他们构成了与上流社会相对的另一个群体。这是庄园以及各位来宾的仆人侍从。男管家詹宁斯统管男仆，不过他的工作可不轻松，这其中有几个令人头疼的“特殊人”：英俊潇洒的帕克斯自小在孤儿院长大，性格孤僻，我行我素；魏斯曼的侍从亨利也搅得庄园颇为不安。女管家威尔森太太则指挥着一干女仆，其中最突出的是年轻活泼的艾丽丝。 伯爵夫人的女仆玛丽是个天真的女孩，她好奇地观察着这座庄园里的各色人等，逐渐发现原来上流社会和仆人的世界之间并没有截然分离的界线，相反，这两个世界由于种种复杂的关系产生了千丝万缕的联系，庄园轻松闲适的气氛下其实埋藏着令人不安的因子。 麦考德先生的富有使不少人都得依附于他，其中包括伯爵夫人和梅瑞蒂斯。但麦考德似乎并不受欢迎，女厨克劳福特太太就对他颇有怨词。性格乖戾的伯爵夫人亦不招人喜欢。西尔维娅表面上高贵优雅，其实她已经有了外遇。梅瑞蒂斯曾经是战争英雄，但如今已破产，正急切地需要麦考德为他投资。亨利是个投机分子，他来到庄园后立刻就开始追逐上流社会的富婆，另一方面也不忘与女仆们调情。帕克斯由于种种原因成了众人瞩目的对象之后，自然对亨利的放纵十分不满。女仆艾丽丝则与麦考德先生关系暧昧?? 麦考德先生的死把庄园带入了惊恐的气氛中：他被人谋杀在书房里。庄园里的不少人似乎都有杀人的动机，这起案件一时间扑朔迷离。警察局的探长汤普森奉命前来调查，但这个装模作样的家伙看起来没多大本事，或许他们真需要一位“陈查里”来侦破这起谋杀案??

the Deer Hunter：同样是一部电影，可译为《猎鹿人》、《猎鹿者》、《越战猎鹿人》等，剧情：宾夕法尼亚州三个年轻的钢铁工人迈克尔（Michael），史蒂文（Steven）和尼克（Nick），在越南战争时来到了越南。在离开美国时，史蒂文与已怀孕的安吉拉（Angela）结了婚，他们的婚礼也是这三个年轻人的告别聚会。婚礼结束后，三个人一同去打猎，迈克尔以神奇的枪法击中了一头雄鹿，但他仍神情抑郁，因为在他心中这就等于在拿生命做赌注。在战场上，他们三人没过多久就都成了越南士兵的俘虏，越南士兵逼迫他们用左轮手枪玩俄罗斯轮盘赌，尼克被吓得半死，迈克尔却很镇定，他还乘机抢了越南士兵的枪，与同伴一同逃出了俘虏营，但逃出后大家又失散了。迈克尔和史蒂文回到了美国，史蒂文终身残废，住在疗养院中不愿回家，迈克尔虽然无恙，但精神上已不复当年，他与尼克的女朋友琳达同居。当迈克尔得知尼克还活着，并且住在西贡时，他来到了越南并找到了尼克，但此时的尼克已麻木不仁，尼克在迈克尔面前玩俄罗斯轮盘赌，这一次他饮弹而亡。

《猎鹿人》是反思越战的经典之一，影片并没有下大笔墨去描绘战争的惨烈场面和宏大气势，而是将重点放在表现战争对人内心造成的影响与创伤，以和平年代的亲情友情反衬出战争对人异化的恐怖可憎。德尼

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《经济学家》读译参考 Translated & Edited by Chen Jilong

罗、斯特里普和沃肯等几位主要演员在片中的表现可圈可点，他们精准却不夸张的表演很好地诠释出战争给人带来的悲哀。值得一提的是片中另一位演员约翰·卡泽勒，他在未拍摄完前因患骨癌去世，没有看到《猎鹿人》最终的辉煌成就，也未能与未婚妻梅丽尔·斯特里普结为百年之好，相当令人遗憾。不过值得欣慰的是，这位神情忧郁的演员却为影迷留下了5部记忆深刻的影片，除了本片，其余分别是：科波拉的《教父1、2》与《对话》，以及西德尼·吕美特的《炎热午后》（Dog Day Afternoon, 1975）。

TEXT 10

Ominous

Feb 23rd 2006

From The Economist print edition

FOR most of the past three years, the highly pathogenic bird flu k________① as H5N1 has been found mainly in Asia. Suddenly it has arrived in many countries in Europe, triggering widespread alarm. The detection of the virus in wild birds across Europe is certainly a cause for concern, particularly to Europe's poultry farmers▲, who are rightfully worried that the presence of the virus in wild birds will increase the risk to their flocks. However, in the m_________② of a European debate about the benefits of vaccinating chickens and whether or not poultry should be brought indoors, there is a danger that far more significant events elsewhere will be ★overlooked[1].

In particular, most attention should be f________③ on the fact that bird flu is now widespread in the poultry flocks of two nations in Africa—Egypt and Nigeria—and in India. And on the fact that, in Nigeria, the disease is continuing to spread despite great efforts undertaken by the government. An outbreak in Afghanistan also appears to be inevitable.

Arguably, these matter much more than the (also inevitable) arrival of the disease in Europe▲. Poor countries with large rural populations are in a far weaker position to handle, and ★stamp out[2], outbreaks of bird flu in poultry, through both ★culling[3] and the prevention of the movement of animals in the surrounding areas. In Africa and India, chickens and ducks are far more likely to be found ★roaming[4] in people's backyards, where they can mingle with humans, other d________④ animals and wildlife, thus spreading the disease. In Europe, by c_______⑤, most poultry are kept in regulated commercial farms.

The opening up of a new African front for the bird-flu virus▲ is a problem because eradication there will be tremendously difficult. There is a high risk that the disease will spread to other countries on the continent and it could easily become endemic—as it has in Asia. This offers the virus huge new scope to mutate▲ and become a disease that can pass between humans. The virus is certainly mutating—genetic changes have already affected its biological behaviour, although apparently not yet its transmission between humans. Experts are unsure as to how much, and what kind, of genetic changes would be required for the virus to become a global health threat. N_____⑥ do they know how long this process might take.

But to ★dwell on[5] the increased risk of a pandemic of influenza is to miss a serious point about the direct risks posed by the loss of a large numbers of chickens and ducks across Africa. For some time, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation has been warning that if avian flu gets out of c_______⑦ in Africa, it will have a devastating impact on the livelihoods of millions of people. Poultry is a vital source of protein. For example, it provides almost 50% of the protein in the diet of Egyptians. The spread of a disease that is highly lethal to poultry, and requires culling, could have a ★dire[6] nutritional impact, there as elsewhere▲. Africa

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《经济学家》读译参考 Translated & Edited by Chen Jilong

would also have to contend with huge economic losses. People who ★scratch out[7] a living in poor African nations simply cannot a_______⑧ to lose their chickens. Most of the world's poor live in rural areas and depend on agriculture. In Africa, rather a lot of these poor people depend heavily on their poultry. It is easy to see why some believe that bird flu could turn out to be primarily a development—rather than just a health—issue for the whole African continent.

No game of chicken

What can be done? It is clear that the movement and trade of poultry is making a big contribution to the spread of the virus. That trade needs tighter regulation, as does the movement of live birds from countries with H5N1 infections. In such places trade should be suspended u_______⑨ flocks have been cleaned up.

In addition, Nigeria and surrounding countries need serious public-education campaigns about the danger of contact with dead birds. When outbreaks o______⑩, governments should immediately offer realistic compensation to farmers for birds lost to disease and culling▲. Without this, poor farmers will be tempted to hide bird-flu outbreaks and continue to sell poultry that should be culled. Farming practices that mix poultry species in farms or live animal markets are a danger too, and must be addressed—although that might take longer. The effort would be helped if those in the poultry industry and governments in poultry-exporting nations would stop simply pointing to the risks posed by wild birds and start paying more attention to the movement of animals, products and people from infected to un-infected regions and countries.

Unusually for a complex problem with international ★ramifications[8], money is available to make a serious attempt at tackling it▲—$1.9 billion was pledged by the world's wealthier nations last month in Beijing. There is no excuse for delay, unless we want more dead people to follow lots more dead ducks.

☆★注释☆★

[1]overlook vt.(1)俯瞰，俯视

The house on the hill overlooks the village. 从小山上的房子可以俯视村庄。 (2)忽略；没注意；漏看

You have overlooked several of the mistakes in this work. 你忽略了这个工作中的几个错误。

The secretary is very careful and never overlooks any little points. 秘书是个很细心的人她从不忽视细节。

[2]stamp out 扑灭，踩灭；毁灭，根除 ＝do away with; eradicate

[3]cull vt.挑出老弱或劣质动物杀死：Every year the groups of seals that live off our coasts are culled because they eat too much fish. 每年居住在我们海岸边的海豹群都被人挑出一部分杀死，因为他们吃掉太多的鱼。 [4]roam vi.& vt. 游荡；闲逛

The visitors roamed around the town.这些来访者在城里游逛。

[5]dwell on vt.细想，说得过于详细: Don't dwell so much on your past.过去的事不必再长篇大论了。 [6]dire adj.(1)迫切的，重大的（指需要；危险）：be in dire need of food极需食物 (2)可怕的：a dire warning可怕的预兆

[7]scratch a living ＝to scrape a living （收入）勉强足以糊口 [8]ramification n.(通常复数）分支，支派（尤指看法、规律等）；（网状组织的）分支，支流，分叉：the

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