had grown bored with it. Then the researchers showed them a different sample and noted their reaction. Longer looking times were explained to mean the babies considered the second sample to be a new color. Their increasing responses showed that they distinguished among five colors: red, green, blue, purple, yellow.

The finding “suggest you come by nature to make color distinction, but given your culture and language, certain distinctions may or may not be used.” explains lead author Alice Skelton, a doctoral student at Sussex.

The study systematically explored babies’ color perception, revealing how we perceive colors before we have the words to describe them, says Angela M. Brown, an experimental psychologist at the Ohio State University’s College of Optometry, who was not involved with the new research, The results add a new challenge to the long nature-versus-nurture debate and the so-called Sapir ---Whorf hypothesis (假设) --- the idea that the way we see the world is shaped by language.

In future work, Skelton and her colleagues are interested in testing babies from other cultures. “The way language and culture interact is a really interesting question,” she says. “We don’t yet know the exact systems, but we do know how we start off.”

59. What’s the finding of the new research?

A. It clarifies what makes babies perceive colors. B. It proves human color recognition is inborn. C. It finds how many colors babies can perceive. D. It shows the colors culture is shaped by language. 60. According to the new research, we can learn that ________. A. swatches affect babies in memory and attention B. longer looking times are based on the psychology C. researchers determine babies’ color perception D. babies can tell the differences of some colors

61. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. Rainbow in the Baby’s World B. A Journey to the World of Colors

C. A New Challenge: Language vs. Culture D. Different Babies, Different Color Perception

C

Competition is an ideology(意识形态)that spreads all over our society and misleads our thinking. But it means no profits for anybody, no meaningful differentiation, and a struggle for survival. We advocate competition, see it as necessary, and set its laws; and as a result, we trap ourselves within it---the more we compete, the less we gain.

Our educational system both drive and reflects our craze for competition. Grads alone are precise measurement of each student’s competitiveness; pupils with the highest marks receive status and credits. And it gets worse as students rise to higher levels of the tournament. Higher education is the place where people who had big plans in high school get stuck in fierce competition with equally smart peers over conventional(传统的)careers like management consulting and investment banking. For the privilege of being turning into conformists(顺从者), students(or their families)pay hundreds of thousands of dollars in rapidly rising tuition.. Why are we doing this to ourselves?

I wish I had asked myself when I was younger. My path was so tracked that in my 8th-grade yearbook, one of my friends predicted—accurately—that four years later I would enter Stanford. And I enrolled at Stanford Law School, where I competed even harder for the standard badges(徽章)of success. The highest prize in a law student’s world in unambiguous(不清楚): the Supreme Court clerkship. I was so close to winning this last competition. If only I got the clerkship, I thought, I would be set for life. But I didn’t. At the time, I was frustrated.

In 2004, after I had built and sold PayPal, I ran into an old friend who had helped me prepare my failed clerkship applications. We hadn’t spoken in nearly a decade. His first words to me were not “Hi Peter” or “How are you doing?” But rather, “So, aren’t you glad you didn’t get that clerkship?” Because if I hadn’t lost that last competition, we both knew that I never would have left the track laid down since middle school. Had I actually clerked on the Supreme Court, I probably would

have spent my entire career taking depositions(证词)or drafting other people’s business deals instead of creating anything new. It’s hard to say how much would be different, but the opportunity costs were enormous.

Looking back at my ambition to become a lawyer, it looks less like a plan for the future and more like an excuse for the present. It was a way to explain to anyone who would ask –to my parents, to my peers, and most of all to myself—that there was no need to worry. I was perfectly on track. But it turned out that my biggest problem was taking the track without thinking really hard about where it was going. 62. Students compete at school because______.

A. they are assessed by grades B. they are under peer pressure C. they want to find a secure job D. the tuition increases quickly 63. We can learn from paragraph 3 that the writer______.

A. didn’t have a clear plan for future B. did badly in study in the 8th grade C. wasn’t a capable students in college D. didn’t want to obtain the clerkship

64. The underlined sentence “the opportunity costs were enormous” (in paragraph 4)shows the writer_____.

A. is unsure whether his choice is correct B. regrets failing clerkship applications

C. is happy about not getting the clerkship D. thinks he could have had a better career

65. The writer shares his life story mainly to argue that______.

A. people shouldn’t support competition B. grades cannot reflect students ability

C. failure can be a good thing something D. we shouldn’t following other people blindly

D

There is no doubt that the United States has entered a brand new age, because Donald Trump, the country’s 45 president, is very different from any president before him.

th

Unlike Hillary Clinton, his opponent, and most former US presidents, who entered the election after years of being politicians, Trump, 70, was a New York real estate businessman.

And he was not a presidential candidate who worked hard to keep a perfect public image of a man who was always caring, fair and wise.

Instead, Trump is famous for being bad-tempered, arrogant(傲慢的) and hateful toward disagree(意见不同的人). He also hates immigrants, both from Latin America and the Middle East. This has caused a dangerous division in the country—a country made up of many various races.

But to his supporters, the fact that Trump is not a typical politician is actually one of his advantages. His habit of never hiding his opinions is also considered by many to be a sign that he is not a hypocrite like many politicians are. “We have seen our country take a downturn in the eyes of the world. We need to go in a different direction, ” Binyamin Weiss, 39, a man from Chicago, told the Chicago Tribune. “Trump’s not a politician... I like that he is not always politically correct and speaks his mind. It gives me the feeling that what you see is what you get. You may not like it, but you know what it is.”

But interestingly, many who elected Trump actually followed the “lesser of two evils” principle—one that people use when faced with picking from two unpleasant options—simply because they didn’t think Clinton was a better choice.

“He’s the candidate I disagree less with, ” Jack, 20, a student at Norwestern University, told the Chicago Tribune. “I don’t think I’d say Donald Trump is going to be the best president ever, but I did think he’d be better than Hillary Clinton.” It’s true that the US is entering a new age. It’s just not clear yet what kind of age it’s going to be.

66. Trump is not like most typical politicians for the following reasons except that_____

A. he was elected because his supporters voted for him

B. he didn’t try to keep a perfect public image as a candidate. C. he gained popularity by his bad attitudes towards dissidents.