中考英语语法复习--特殊句式 下载本文

2019年中考英语语法复习方案13《特殊句式》

【趋势解读】

初中阶段特殊句式的考查主要是对感叹句、存在句、倒装句、反意疑问句、省略句的考查,考生需牢记与其相关的句型才能正确做题。其中,倒装句与省略句的考查往往难度较大,是考生容易忽视与出错的知识点。预计中考及自主招生关于本专题知识命题趋势如下: 各地中考时态考查的热点为感叹句、存在句与反意疑问句。而自主招生考试对这6类句式都有可能涉及,又主要考查反意疑问句的特殊结构、倒装句、强调句及省略句,对考生要求较高,分值为2~5分。 【思维引导】

精彩笔记1 so, neither倒装句型 倒装属于语法中语序的范畴。自然语序基本是主语在前谓语在后,那么倒装语序是谓语在前,主语在后。完全倒装即将谓语的全部(主要是指其实义动词)置于主语之前;部分倒装是指只将谓语的一部分(系动词、助动词和情态动词)置于主语之前,实义动词仍然保留在主语之后。

(1) Lucy is a good student, and so is Lily.露西是好学生,莉莉也是(好学生)。

“so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”依附于肯定句,表示前边的肯定情况也适用于后边的人(或物),意为“……也……”。

(2) If you do not go swimming, neither shall I.如果你不去游泳,我也不去。

“neither+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”依附于否定句,表示前边的否定情况也适用于后边的人(或物),意为“……也不……”。

核心题根1 (1)—I hear Yang Yan made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday.— ,and .

A. So she did; so did I B. So did she; so I did C. So she was; so I was D. So was she; so I was 思路点拨:①句意:一我听说杨艳在昨天的毕业典礼上作了一场英语演

讲。一确实如此,而且我也演讲了。根据题意,应该是前者表确认、肯定,意为 “的确如此”,而后者意为“……也做了”。② C, D是错误的选项,上句中 “made”是实义动词,后面的倒装句的助动词要与其保持一致。③“她确实如 此”要用so she did,用来表达对前面情况的肯定、确认,不能倒装。

(2)—I haven't seen the film Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides. 一 . A. Neither have I B. So have I C. Neither I have D. So I have

思路点拨:句意:一我没有看过《加勒比海盗:惊涛怪浪》这部电影。一我也没看过。由题意可知这里是表示否定的回答,当用neither时,要用倒装句形式。

(3)—Maggie had a wonderful time at the party. 一 ,and so did I. A. So she had B. So had she C. So she did D. So did she 思路点拨:句意:—Maggie在晚会上玩得很高兴。一她确实玩得很高兴,我也玩得很高兴。so引起的省略句,表示与前句肯定的内容呼应,与前面内容一致时,要用倒装结构,即“so+助动词(be/情态动词)+主语”。本题答语中的and so did I就是这种结构。而空白处是对前面所说话的确认、同意或肯定,因此不用倒装。注意:“had”在题干中不是助动词。 易错警示

“so/neither+助动词/be/情态动词+主语+谓语”句型中的“be/助动词/情态动词”在形式

上必须与前句的谓语动词保持一致;而其单复数则由后面的主语决定。 同类变式1 (1)一I never drink coffee. 一 . A. So do I B. So did I C. Neither did I D. Neither do I

(2) —Tom, I'm watching a football match. What about you? 一 . A. So do I B. So am I C. So I do D. So I am

(3)—Well, I do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast. 一 .

A. So it is B. So is it C. So does it D. So it does 易错警示

so I do与so do I不同。在“so I do”中so引起的省略句不作“也……”讲,只是对前面的情况表示确认、肯定,这时省略的主语和谓语不必倒装,意为“的确如此”。如: 一He has made great progress.他取得了很大进步。 —Yes, so he has.是的,他确实是(取得进步)。 And so have you.你也是(取得很大进步)。 精彩笔记2 there be句型

there be句型是表示“存在”的一个句型,是一个主语在be动词后面的倒装句。谓语动词除了be还可以是表示状态的不及物动词,如seem, happen, live, stand, lie等。 Once upon a time, there lived a monk in the temple.从前这座庙里有个和尚。

核心题根2 There still some milk in the fridge. It's not necessary to go to the store today.

A. am B. is C. are D. be

思路点拨:考查there be句型。句意:冰箱里还有一些牛奶,今天没有必要去商店。milk是不可数名词,因此应该用is。

同类变式2 — any students in the classroom when the earthquake happened? 一Yes, but they have been saved.

A. There were B. Was there C. There are D. Were there 精彩笔记3 以副词、介词短语开头的倒装句

here, there, out, in, down, away等表示方位的副词或表示方位的介词短语置于句首且主语是名词时,要用倒装句。而谓语动词的形式由位于倒装句句尾的主语决定。如: Out rushed the children.孩子们冲出去了。 There comes a woman.那边过来了一位妇女。

In front of my house stands a tall tree.我的房子前面有棵大树。

核心题根3 (1) from the fifth floor when the policeman pointed his gun at him. A. Jumped down the muderer(凶犯) B. Down the murderer jumped C. The murderer jumping down D. Down jumped the murderer

思路点拨:句意:当警察用枪指着凶犯时,他从第五层楼跳下去了。本题考查全部倒装。down是表示方向的副词,在句首时,句子的谓语动词jumped要放在the murderer之前。 (2) At the meeting place of the Yangtze River(长江)and Dialing River ,one of the ten largest cities in China.

A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does lies Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie

思路点拨:句意:中国十大城市之一重庆位于长江和嘉陵江汇合之处。Chongqing是主语,one of the ten...China是Chongqing的同位语,lies是谓语动词,at the meeting ... Dialing River是介词短语作地点状语。一目了然,作地点状语的介词短语提前到句首,以使句子平衡或突出状语,谓语动词是be, stand, lie等。这样的句子要全部倒装。

同类变式3 (1) Hey, Nick. comes the last bus! Hurry up,or we'll have to walk home.

A. This B. There C. That D. It (2) Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away . A. fleeing the thief B. was fleeing the thief

C. the thief was fleeing D. fled(flee的过去式)the thief (3)一Where is the report? 一 . A. There it is B. There is it

C. There the report is D. Is the report there 易错警示

如果主语不是名词,是人称代词,就不必倒装。如:

The door opened, in came a policeman.(主语是名词,倒装) The door opened, in he came.(主语是代词he,不倒装) 知识归纳

在表示方向的副词如down, up, in, out, over, back. off, away等作状语位于句首时,如果谓语动词是jump, come, go, rush等不及物动词,句子要全部倒装,即谓语动词全部放在主语前面。 精彩笔记4

当句首的状语是only+副词,only+介词短语或状语从句时,主句要部分倒装。即只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语前。如:

Only by practice can we improve our spoken English.只有通过练习,我们才能提高英语口语水平。

核心题根4 (1) Only when I left my parents for Italy how much I love them. A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize

思路点拨:句意:只有离开父母去意大利时,我才意识到我是多么爱他们。Only后可接状语从句,还可接介词短语和副词,在这种结构中,主句应该部分倒装。C项had I realized是过去完成时,表示realize这个动作发生在left之前,显然错误。

(2) by keeping down costs(成本)will Power Data(公司的名字)hold its advantage over other companies.

A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet

思路点拨:句意:只有通过保持低成本,Power Data才能保持超过其他公司的优势。副词only及其修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时,主句要部分倒装。

同类变式4 after a long walk did they reach the railway station at midnight. A. Shortly B. When C. Only D. Just 精彩笔记5 what引导的感叹句

感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子,可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。感叹句可以是一个单词、一个不定式、一个由短语构成的独立句,也可以是由what或how引导的