Academic English for Medicine
Medical Terminology (2)
hepat/o, liver
hepatitis, the inflammation of liver vs. endo/crino/logy
Rule 1: Drop the combining vowel(usually) before a suffix beginning with a vowel.
Rule 2: Keep the combining vowel between two roots: gastroenterology not gastrenterology Rule3:Read the meaning of medical terms from the suffix back to the beginning of the term and across, i.e. the study of stomach and intestine(gastr/o and enter/o)
Vocabulary 常见的医学英语词缀：
（1）……炎: the inflammation of …// -itis hepatitis肝炎; hepat/o: liver arteritis动脉炎; arter/o: artery
vasculitis血管炎; vascul/o: vas/o: vessel nephritis肾炎; nephr/o: kidney
pancreatitis胰腺炎; pancreat/o: pancreas ovaritis; oophoritis卵巢炎; pleuritis胸膜炎; pleur/o:pleura （2）……术 …operation of…. ? 缝合术:-orrhaphy
aneurysmorrhaphy (suture) ;动脉瘤缝术 aneurysm:动脉瘤
? 切除术: ectomy: removal pharyngectomy咽切除 appendectomy: 阑尾切除术
append/o: appendic/o: appendix阑尾 ? 固定术: -pexy: fixing rectopexy直肠固定术 rect/o: rectum
（3）方位/时间方面的词缀
? 上： upper//superior; epi-; supra- epithelium上皮组织；
? 下：lower//inferior; infra-; sub- subcutaneous 皮下的； cutane/o: skin
? 前：front//anterior//prior// fore-; ante-;
pre-; antero-
forehead前额； anteroposterior前后的
precirrhosis前期肝硬化；cirrh/o:orange硬变 ? 后：back//posterior// post-; retro- postheptical肝后的； heptic/o: liver; retrocardiac心后的；cardi/o:heart
? 内：inner//internal// in-; endo-; ento-;
entro-; intro-;
inhale, inhalation吸入
endoscopy内窥镜检； -scopy：visual exam ? 外：outer//external//ex-; exo-; ultra-；
extra-；
extract抽出； exhale呼出
excretion排泄物； exocardial心外的 ? 间：inter-; between; intermuscular肌肉间的；
常见药物词缀：
? -cillin 青霉素类药物
阿莫西林(羟氨苄青霉素) amoxicillin 片剂、胶囊剂 氨苄西林钠(氨苄青霉素) ampicillin sodium 注射剂 羧苄青霉素钠carbencillin 双氯青霉素 dicloxacillin
常见的医学英语词缀
（1）…痛… headache, stomachache
….the pain of ; ache, -algia; -agra; -dynia neuralgia神经痛; neur/o: nerve;
gastralgia胃痛 ; gastr/o: gaster, stomach arthralgia关节痛; arthr/o: joint abdominalgia腹痛; abdomin/o: abdomen （2）.与检查有关的词缀
镜检：-scopy镜检法; scope镜
gastroscopy 胃镜法；
量具：-meter: instrument for measuring
cardiometer心力计； thermometer温度计
心电图： electrocardiogram =ECG;
( electrocardiograph心电图仪)
脑电图: electroencephalogram=EEG B超:type B ultrasonic
CT：computerized tomography计算机x射线断层 尿检 urine analysis 血常规 blood routine
其他词缀
? 怕， 畏惧 –phobia: fear
photophobia畏光 , phot/o:light
困难 dys-： bad, difficulty
dysfunction功能障碍; dyspepsia消化不良 dyspnea 呼吸困难, -pnea：breathing
? 不良 mal-： bad
malnutrition营养不良； malpractice事故
malfunction机能障碍 malignant恶性的
maladministration管理不善
? 好， 正， eu-： good eugenic优生的adj.
eugenics优生学; gen/o: producing euthanasia安乐死; -thanasia: death
? 瘤，肿块 –oma: tumor; cancer; swelling lymphoma淋巴瘤； hematoma血肿 血症 –emia： blood condition
leukemia白血病； septicemia败血症
? 高：hyper- ：high，above; hyperdynamia: 肌力过度;
hypertension高血压（ high blood pressure）
? 低：hypo-; low; below
hypotonia hypotonic张力/压力过低（的） hypotension ;low blood pressure,
hyposensitive
dynam/o: power, force; dynamic adj. dynamics 疗法：-therapy
radiotherapy放疗; radiotherapist(放疗专家) chemotherapy化疗 physiotherapy理疗 psychotherapy心理疗法 therapist治疗师
? 无， 没有 a- an-: without atypical 非典型性的 asexual无性的
asymptomatic无症状的 anemia贫血
anorexia厌食症 orex/o: appetite
anesthesia麻醉(感觉缺失: esthesi/o: feeling, perception )
? Cef-头孢类药物 头孢氨苄 cefalexin 头孢羟氨苄 cefadroxil 头孢克洛 Cefaclor 头孢吡肟 Cefepime 头孢丙烯 Cefprozil 头孢拉定 cephradine
Words to be remembered in Unit 2
1. doom 2. microbial 3. vulnerable 4. penicillin 5. regression 6. respiratory 7. cholera 8. venue 9. mutation 10. pandemic、 11. influenza 12. antigen 13. immune 14. complication 15. infrastructure 16. deteriorate 17. exotic 18. lethal 19. eradicate 20. prevalence 21. toxicity 22. immigration 23. diagnostic 24. pathogen 25. chronic 26. gastric 27. ulcer 28. pesticide 29. Smallpox 30. pathogenic 31. surveillance 32. vaccination 33. panacea 34. plague 35. radiograph 36. screen 37. attend to
38. be infected with 39. hit the headline 40. contribute to