Delegates, staff: Hello! in the run-up to the Spring Festival, we held one session of four staff representatives Conference 2013-workshop, full back in 2012, careful analysis of the current situation, discuss 2013 development plans. Here, on behalf of my company 2013 work reports to the General Assembly, for consideration. Pillar I, 2012 back in 2012, XX power companies adhere to the party's 17 great spirit for guidance, comprehensively implement the scientific concept of development, promoting cost-leadership strategy, standards, focus on implementation, lean management, continuously improve, smooth present safety situation of enterprise management, business management and control scientific and standardized, and the dedication of staff, manage a harmonious and democratic atmosphere of the good situation. Main indicators are as follow-the battery indicator: power generation totaled 7.815 billion kWh, beyond the annual budget implementation capacity of 315 million kWh, an increase of 757 million kWh. Sales totaled 7.425 billion kWh, exceeding sales of 330 million kWh the annual Executive budget, an increase of 729 million kWh. --Security measures: unplanned outages 2.5 times. No personal injury accident occurred, no major accident and above, no major fire accidents without environmental pollution accidents, safety for three consecutive years to maintain stability to good posture. Business financial indicators: total profits of 255 million Yuan, beyond the annual budget of 207 million Yuan, beyond the Datang company index 41.89 million Yuan, an increase of 1.76 million Yuan, FCM assessment at grade four. --Energy: power supply standard coal completing 312.25 g/kWh, down 0.1 g/kWh; integrated auxiliary power consumption ratio in 5.12%, down 0.26%; pollutant emissions performance greatly reduced compared to last year, carbon 0.09 g/kWh, sulfur dioxide 0.104 g/kWh NOx 0.512 g/kWh; dust removal efficiency of more than 99.8%. --Reliability index: equivalent availability factor in 93.47%, increased 7.95% from a year earlier. Equivalent forced outage rate 0.08%, 0.16%reduction over the same period a year earlier. Major achievements: first, we should adhere to the two \s, strengthening technological research, strengthen hidden hazards control and intrinsic safety Enterprise construction took new steps. -The two \nt system\omoting the power of the company management system and the application and implementation of the safety loop five-star management system, improve the safety management system, realize the system of safety control. Further regulate security routines, safety supervision and management network role to play to achieve closed-loop. Strengthening the supervision and management of habitual violation of, strengthening the safety supervision of outsourcing contractors. Carried out in spring and autumn of security inspections, flood control and inspection, safety production month, day supervision of production safety and the Olympic Games and other
第1章 绪 论
1.1选题背景、研究目的及意义
随着我国经济的发展，人民生活水平的提高。现在人们对随车起重运输车的需求量越来越大，随车吊将成为一种重要的运输工具。随车吊在交通运输中发挥了非常重要和不可替代的作用。随车起重运输车具有运输效率高、可实现装卸机械化、运输成本低、安全、环保等特点。伸缩臂式随车起重运输车近年来国内市场需求量越来越大，市场前景十分广阔。随着经济的发展，随车吊呈现出重型化、智能化、高档化，多极化发展的趋势。
随车起重运输车是指装有随车起重机，能实现货物自行装卸和运输的专用汽车。它既有普通载货汽车的运输功能，有具有起重机的起吊装卸功能；除能完成本车货物的装卸之外，还能完成车与车之间的货物装卸。因此，使用随车起重运输车，可以大大提高运输效率，降低搬运成本，减轻劳动强度，保障作业安全，故近年来得到较大发展。它是以汽车本身的动力源来驱动车厢栏板或附加栏板进行升降的栏板起重运输车；在载货汽车或其二类底盘上加设举升装置，能迅速把作业人员和器材运送到作业现场，并举升到空中的高空作业车。
通过对随车起重运输车的研究和学习，熟练的掌握了随车起重运输车的相关知识。培养了本人的综合分析和解决问题的能力和独立工作能力，是学习深化、拓宽、综合运用所学知识的重要过程是学生学习、研究与实践成果的全面总结；是综合素质与工程实践能力培养效果的全面检验；是实现从学校学习到岗位工作的过渡环节；是毕业及学位资格认定的重要依据；是衡量高等教育质量和办学效益的重要评价内容[1]。
1.2随车起重运输车的发展方向与前景
我国随车起重机的生产起步较晚，到70年代末，全国生产的随车起重机产品品种还很单一，生产规模很小，到 80年代，随车起重机产品的品种及产量均呈增长趋势，近几年来，随车起重机在国内市场的产销总量增长势头更猛，从行业统计结果可以看出，1999年市场总量为1000台左右，2000年市场总量约为1300台，2001年市场总量约为 1700台，目前的市场总量约为 2000台。 全国生产随车起重机的厂家约有 10多家，主要企业有徐州随车起重机公司、石家庄煤矿机械厂、山西长治清华机械厂、武汉汽车起重机厂、湖南专用汽车制造厂等。另外，近年泰安东岳重工机械有限公司（原泰安起重机厂）与日本古河UNIC机械金属株式会社合资成立了泰安古河机械有限公司；常林股份有限公司与奥地利的
ctivities, comprehensive and tamping Safety Foundation ... Troubleshooting, management mechanism, give full play to role of technical supervision and realization of troubleshooting, management, improved process management. This year completed the boiler lower header leakage, boiler pressure, a major risk management, completed 29 of great risks and 3 General problems of governance. Complete chemistry lab construction, thermal control, and complete the boiler scale integrated management, host shafting vibration of 10 scientific and technological projects, such as. Complete supercritical 630MW on-line simulation system development and application of circulating water MCC standby power transformation, the transformation of desulfurization waste water, the unit water supply system of comprehensive treatment and discharge valve modification of coal mill 5 key technological transformation projects, group health is improved. --Science and technology innovation is further increased. Strengthen the characteristics of supercritical unit major issues, graduallyclearing the particularity of supercritical unit and regularity. Developed motor oil time management, switch action times, statistics, coal-aided measurement software, improves the production level of lean management. Increased investment in science and technology, reporting science and technology projects and 14 technical project total cost percentage of the total annual production output of 0.25%. \e coal-fired power plant flue gas desulfurization, denitrification complete development and application of key technologies\project, won the national science and technology progress second prize. 630MW supercritical units optimized control strategies and the 630MW development and application of on-line simulation system for supercritical units, supercritical 600MW units of turbine driven boiler feed pump set of comprehensive treatment of defects Datang technology respectively one or two and third. Meanwhile, information technology achievements, the company was named \benchmarking enterprises.\pair and maintenance has improved further. Modify the inspection standards and standards on a regular basis, standardizing work procedures, checking and inspection project. Deepening the BFS++ system, and implements maintenance information shared. Reorganizing RB logic again, and ensure the success of the RB. Innovating the mechanism of maintenance management, implemented a project manager system. Successful completion of two autonomous maintenance, reliability improved steadily. Implementing two c-level maintenance, project themselves 48.7% and 42.3%, respectively. Accomplish two circulating pumps repair and overhaul of four Mills, maintenance teams to get exercise. Promote the work of energy saving and consumption reducing, complete the unit energy consumption diagnosis, plant water balance test, 10 energy-saving projects. Second, we should adhere to \conomic benefits of improving, outreachDelegates, staff: Hello! in the run-up to the Spring Festival, we held one session of four staff representatives Conference 2013-workshop, full back in 2012, careful analysis of the current situation, discuss 2013 development plans. Here, on behalf of my company 2013 work reports to the General Assembly, for consideration. Pillar I, 2012 back in 2012, XX power companies adhere to the party's 17 great spirit for guidance, comprehensively implement the scientific concept of development, promoting cost-leadership strategy, standards, focus on implementation, lean management, continuously improve, smooth present safety situation of enterprise management, business management and control scientific and standardized, and the dedication of staff, manage a harmonious and democratic atmosphere of the good situation. Main indicators are as follow-the battery indicator: power generation totaled 7.815 billion kWh, beyond the annual budget implementation capacity of 315 million kWh, an increase of 757 million kWh. Sales totaled 7.425 billion kWh, exceeding sales of 330 million kWh the annual Executive budget, an increase of 729 million kWh. --Security measures: unplanned outages 2.5 times. No personal injury accident occurred, no major accident and above, no major fire accidents without environmental pollution accidents, safety for three consecutive years to maintain stability to good posture. Business financial indicators: total profits of 255 million Yuan, beyond the annual budget of 207 million Yuan, beyond the Datang company index 41.89 million Yuan, an increase of 1.76 million Yuan, FCM assessment at grade four. --Energy: power supply standard coal completing 312.25 g/kWh, down 0.1 g/kWh; integrated auxiliary power consumption ratio in 5.12%, down 0.26%; pollutant emissions performance greatly reduced compared to last year, carbon 0.09 g/kWh, sulfur dioxide 0.104 g/kWh NOx 0.512 g/kWh; dust removal efficiency of more than 99.8%. --Reliability index: equivalent availability factor in 93.47%, increased 7.95% from a year earlier. Equivalent forced outage rate 0.08%, 0.16%reduction over the same period a year earlier. Major achievements: first, we should adhere to the two \s, strengthening technological research, strengthen hidden hazards control and intrinsic safety Enterprise construction took new steps. -The two \nt system\omoting the power of the company management system and the application and implementation of the safety loop five-star management system, improve the safety management system, realize the system of safety control. Further regulate security routines, safety supervision and management network role to play to achieve closed-loop. Strengthening the supervision and management of habitual violation of, strengthening the safety supervision of outsourcing contractors. Carried out in spring and autumn of security inspections, flood control and inspection, safety production month, day supervision of production safety and the Olympic Games and other PLAFINGER公司也将开始合作生产随车起重机。
由于我国随车起重机起步于70年代，相对较晚，而且发展速度不快，只是近几年才有较大发展，和国外相比，还有很大的差距。具体表现在：
（1）品种少、产量低：我国随车起重机现处于初级发展阶段，品种较少。中小吨位重复较多，至今尚未形成大、中、小完整的系列，年产量只相当于国外一个厂家的生产能力。
（2）起重力矩小，技术水平低：我国随车起重机以直臂卷扬为主，受国内汽车底盘的限制，起重力矩小，其他性能指标也一般低于国外先进产品。目前国内企业对随车起重机的研究开发投入很少，液压系统、控制系统的技术水平也有一定差距。
（3）安全装置不齐全，操作不方便：我国随车起重机仅装有起升高度限位及平衡阀、溢流阀等一般安全装置，全部为手动操作。而国外早已将电子技术广泛运用到随车起重机上，如带有微电脑的力矩限制器及防倾翻保护器等，并且已实现了有线与无线遥控。
（4）功能单一：我国随车起重机以起重作业及运输功能为主，而国外随车起重机均有多种附具，主要加装在吊臂头部，如工作斗、抓斗、高空作业平台、各种抓具、夹具、吊篮、螺旋钻、板叉、装轮胎机械手、拔桩器等，使随车起重机具备了一机多用的功能。另外，国外一些厂家进一步开发了铁路专用随车起重机等专用产品。
（5）外形不美观：我国随车起重机设计单调，忽视了和汽车外形的协调，而国外对随车起重机的着色非常严格，不仅在外形和着色上实现和卡车的一体化，还要求和城市的景观相协调随宜。
在2008年岁末举行的中国车展上，希尔博（Hiab）、PM、古河（UNIC）、易发（EFFER）、海沃（Hyva）等国际随车起重机均都参加。而徐工集团、石家庄煤矿机械厂、长冶清华机械厂等国产品牌也同样受人瞩目，充分展示了国内外随车起重机行业近年来开发应用高新技术的水平和能力。整个展会给人最强烈的感觉就是求新求变。国际一流企业新产品发展迅猛，而国内各生产制造企业日新月异的发展变化，快速进步的能力，对新技术的消化吸收以及为我所用的能力也同样在不断进步[2]。
国际品牌加大对国内市场的分析和研究，依托其强大的品牌优势，采用以高带低、以点带面的营销策略，在结合其全新的价格优势冲击中、低端市场，因此势必对当地原有市场格局产生一定的冲击。在技术上，国际品牌依托其自身强大的技术实力，针对各个市场的实际情况增加本土化的研究投入，开发针对较强的区域性产品，提高产品的适应性，进一步加强其品牌影响力。国内需求旺盛，行业持续增长。一方面，随车起重机的传统市场发展保持相对稳定的状态，另一方面，随着大型项目的开工，物料的吊装和转运为随车起重机提供了更为广阔的市场。
ctivities, comprehensive and tamping Safety Foundation ... Troubleshooting, management mechanism, give full play to role of technical supervision and realization of troubleshooting, management, improved process management. This year completed the boiler lower header leakage, boiler pressure, a major risk management, completed 29 of great risks and 3 General problems of governance. Complete chemistry lab construction, thermal control, and complete the boiler scale integrated management, host shafting vibration of 10 scientific and technological projects, such as. Complete supercritical 630MW on-line simulation system development and application of circulating water MCC standby power transformation, the transformation of desulfurization waste water, the unit water supply system of comprehensive treatment and discharge valve modification of coal mill 5 key technological transformation projects, group health is improved. --Science and technology innovation is further increased. Strengthen the characteristics of supercritical unit major issues, graduallyclearing the particularity of supercritical unit and regularity. Developed motor oil time management, switch action times, statistics, coal-aided measurement software, improves the production level of lean management. Increased investment in science and technology, reporting science and technology projects and 14 technical project total cost percentage of the total annual production output of 0.25%. \e coal-fired power plant flue gas desulfurization, denitrification complete development and application of key technologies\project, won the national science and technology progress second prize. 630MW supercritical units optimized control strategies and the 630MW development and application of on-line simulation system for supercritical units, supercritical 600MW units of turbine driven boiler feed pump set of comprehensive treatment of defects Datang technology respectively one or two and third. Meanwhile, information technology achievements, the company was named \benchmarking enterprises.\pair and maintenance has improved further. Modify the inspection standards and standards on a regular basis, standardizing work procedures, checking and inspection project. Deepening the BFS++ system, and implements maintenance information shared. Reorganizing RB logic again, and ensure the success of the RB. Innovating the mechanism of maintenance management, implemented a project manager system. Successful completion of two autonomous maintenance, reliability improved steadily. Implementing two c-level maintenance, project themselves 48.7% and 42.3%, respectively. Accomplish two circulating pumps repair and overhaul of four Mills, maintenance teams to get exercise. Promote the work of energy saving and consumption reducing, complete the unit energy consumption diagnosis, plant water balance test, 10 energy-saving projects. Second, we should adhere to \conomic benefits of improving, outreachDelegates, staff: Hello! in the run-up to the Spring Festival, we held one session of four staff representatives Conference 2013-workshop, full back in 2012, careful analysis of the current situation, discuss 2013 development plans. Here, on behalf of my company 2013 work reports to the General Assembly, for consideration. Pillar I, 2012 back in 2012, XX power companies adhere to the party's 17 great spirit for guidance, comprehensively implement the scientific concept of development, promoting cost-leadership strategy, standards, focus on implementation, lean management, continuously improve, smooth present safety situation of enterprise management, business management and control scientific and standardized, and the dedication of staff, manage a harmonious and democratic atmosphere of the good situation. Main indicators are as follows:-the battery indicator: power generation totaled 7.815 billion kWh, beyond the annual budget implementation capacity of 315 million kWh, an increase of 757 million kWh. Sales totaled 7.425 billion kWh, exceeding sales of 330 million kWh the annual Executive budget, an increase of 729 million kWh. --Security measures: unplanned outages 2.5 times. No personal injury accident occurred, no major accident and above, no major fire accidents without environmental pollution accidents, safety for three consecutive years to maintain stability to good posture. Business financial indicators: total profits of 255 million Yuan, beyond the annual budget of 207 million Yuan, beyond the Datang company index 41.89 million Yuan, an increase of 1.76 million Yuan, FCM assessment at grade four. --Energy: power supply standard coal completing 312.25 g/kWh, down 0.1 g/kWh; integrated auxiliary power consumption ratio in 5.12%, down 0.26%; pollutant emissions performance greatly reduced compared to last year, carbon 0.09 g/kWh, sulfur dioxide 0.104 g/kWh NOx 0.512 g/kWh; dust removal efficiency of more than 99.8%. --Reliability index: equivalent availability factor in 93.47%, increased 7.95% from a year earlier. Equivalent forced outage rate 0.08%, 0.16%reduction over the same period a year earlier. Major achievements: first, we should adhere to the two \s, strengthening technological research, strengthen hidden hazards control and intrinsic safety Enterprise construction took new steps. -The two \nt system\omoting the power of the company management system and the application and implementation of the safety loop five-star management system, improve the safety management system, realize the system of safety control. Further regulate security routines, safety supervision and management network role to play to achieve closed-loop. Strengthening the supervision and management of habitual violation of, strengthening the safety supervision of outsourcing contractors. Carried out in spring and autumn of security inspections, flood control and inspection, safety production month, day supervision of production safety and the Olympic Games and other 技术方面，起重能力和工作幅度继续走高，控制系统成为研发主要内容。降重，减排，节能成为随车起重机设计主题之一；个性化、自动化成为随车起重机主要要求之一。只有提高产品规模化、系列化程度，实线规模效应，才能降低生产成本，寻求更大的利润空间。
1.3本设计的目标和主要内容
本次的设计目标是设计一种装载质量为4t的随车起重运输汽车，其性能参数与原载货车接近。随车起重运输汽车是装备有起重装置的载货汽车，因此本设计的主要研究内容是：二类底盘的选择；整车的整体布置；起重装置的选型、设计、计算；液压装置的选型、设计、计算；整车性能计算分析。
主要解决的问题有：
（1）随车起重运输车的整车基本参数选择
尺寸参数：轴距、轮距、外廓尺寸，符合GB7258-1997。 质量参数：最大总质量、装载质量、质量利用系数。 （2）轴载质量分配
（3）起重装置的参数选择与设计
参数选择：起重量、起升高度、幅度、工作速度。
起吊支腿的设计计算：支腿型式的选取、支腿跨距的确定、支腿压力计算和支
承液压缸的选择。
（4）液压装置设计计算与选型
工作机构：由液压支腿、变幅机构、臂架伸缩机构、起升机构及制动机构等组
成。
支腿回路：采用双向液压锁，以保证支撑绝对可靠。 变幅回路：要求能带负载变幅，动作平稳。
伸缩回路：主要用以改变作业高度以及减小行驶状态下的整体尺寸，以提高机
动能力。
回转回路：用以改变作业方位。
起升和制动回路：是起重机的主要工作机构。
液压系统的形式：中小型汽车起重机常采用单泵、串联、开式系统。 （5）起重运输车的稳定性校核 作业稳定性校核 静态稳定性校核
ctivities, comprehensive and tamping Safety Foundation ... Troubleshooting, management mechanism, give full play to role of technical supervision and realization of troubleshooting, management, improved process management. This year completed the boiler lower header leakage, boiler pressure, a major risk management, completed 29 of great risks and 3 General problems of governance. Complete chemistry lab construction, thermal control, and complete the boiler scale integrated management, host shafting vibration of 10 scientific and technological projects, such as. Complete supercritical 630MW on-line simulation system development and application of circulating water MCC standby power transformation, the transformation of desulfurization waste water, the unit water supply system of comprehensive treatment and discharge valve modification of coal mill 5 key technological transformation projects, group health is improved. --Science and technology innovation is further increased. Strengthen the characteristics of supercritical unit major issues, gradually
clearing the particularity of supercritical unit and regularity. Developed motor oil time management, switch action times, statistics, coal-aided measurement software, improves the production level of lean management. Increased investment in science and technology, reporting science and technology projects and 14 technical project total cost percentage of the total annual production output of 0.25%. \-scale coal-fired power plant flue gas desulfurization, denitrification complete development and application of key technologies\oject, won the national science and technology progress second prize. 630MW supercritical units optimized control strategies and the 630MW development and application of on-line simulation system for supercritical units, supercritical 600MW units of turbine driven boiler feed pump set of comprehensive treatment of defects Datang technology respectively one or two and third. Meanwhile, information technology achievements, the company was named \na power information technology benchmarking enterprises.\--Repair and maintenance has improved further. Modify the inspection standards and standards on a regular basis, standardizing work procedures, checking and inspection project. Deepening the BFS++ system, and implements maintenance information shared. Reorganizing RB logic again, and ensure the success of the RB. Innovating the mechanism of maintenance management, implemented a project manager system. Successful completion of two autonomous maintenance, reliability improved steadily. Implementing two c-level maintenance, project themselves 48.7% and 42.3%, respectively. Accomplish two circulating pumps repair and overhaul of four Mills, maintenance teams to get exercise. Promote the work of energy saving and consumption reducing, complete the unit energy consumption diagnosis, plant water balance test, 10 energy-saving projects. Second, we should adhere to \conomic benefits of improving, outreach3