Æä,i ,j,k ·Ö±ðΪƽÐÐÓÚa,b,c Èý¸ö×ø±êÖáµÄµ¥Î»Ê¸Á¿£¬¶ø¾§ÁÐ[hkl]
µÄ·½ÏòʸÁ¿Îª
R=hai+kaj+lak=a(hi+kj+lk) ÓÉ£¨1£©£¬£¨2£©Á½Ê½µÃ
dn=2R a¼´nÓëR ƽÐУ¬Òò´Ë¾§ÁÐ[hkl]Ó뾧Ã棨hkl£©Õý½»¡£
¶ÔÓÚÁ¢·½¾§Ïµ£¬¾§Ãæ(h1k1l1) Ó뾧Ãæ(h2k2l2) µÄ¼Ð½Ç£¬¾ÍÊǾ§ÁÐ RÓ뾧ÁÐ
R2=h2a+k2b+l2c
µÄ¼Ð½Ç£¬É辧Ãæ (h1k1l1)Ó뾧Ãæ (h2k2l1) µÄ¼Ð½ÇΪ ? ÓÉ
2222?k2?l2acos? R1?R2=R1R2cos??h1?k12?l12h221=h1a+k1b+l1c
=h1h2a2?k1k2a2?l1l2a2 µÃ
??cos?1{h1h2?k1k2?l1l2(h?k?l)(h?k?l212121222222}
6£®Èçͼ1.10Ëùʾ£¬B,C Á½µãÊÇÃæÐÄÁ¢·½¾§°ûÉϵÄÁ½ÃæÐÄ¡£ £¨1£© Çó ABC ÃæµÄÃÜÀÕÖ¸Êý£»
£¨2£© Çó AC ¾§ÁеÄÖ¸Êý£¬²¢ÇóÏàÓ¦Ô°û×ø±êϵÖеÄÖ¸Êý¡£
[½â´ð]
ͼ1.10 ÃæÐÄÁ¢·½¾§°û
??£¨1£© ʸÁ¿BAÓëʸÁ¿BCµÄ²æ³Ë¼´ÊÇ ABC ÃæµÄ·¨Ê¸Á¿
???11BA=OA?OB?(a?b)?(b?c)?(2a?b?c),
22???111BC?OC?OB?[c?(a?b)]?(b?c)?(a?c),
222?1?1a BA?BC?(2a?b?c)?(a?c)?(a?3b?c).
224ÒòΪ¶ÔÁ¢·½¾§Ïµ£¬¾§ÁÐ[hkl]Ó뾧Ãæ×壨hkl£©Õý½»£¬ËùÒÔABC ÃæµÄÃÜÀÕÖ¸ÊýΪ
(131).
???11£¨2£©AC?OC?OA?[c?(a?b)]?(a?b)??(a?b?2c).
22??¿É¼û AC Ó뾧ÁÐ (a+b-2c) ƽÐУ¬Òò´Ë AC ¾§Áеľ§ÁÐÖ¸ÊýΪ[112].
?ÓÉ¡¶¹ÌÌåÎïÀí½Ì³Ì¡·£¨1?3£©Ê½¿ÉµÃÃæÐÄÁ¢ÑԽṹ¾§°û»ùʸÓëÔ°û»ùʸµÄ¹Øϵ
a??a1?a2?a3, b?a1?a2?a3, c?a1?a2?a3
¾§ÁÐ (a+b-2c) ¿É»¯Îª (a+b-2c)=-2(a1?a2?2a3) ÓÉÉÏʽ¿ÉÖª£¬AC¾§ÁÐÔÚÔ°û×ø±êϵÖеÄÖ¸ÊýΪ[112]
7£®ÊÔÖ¤ÃæÐÄÁ¢·½µÄµ¹¸ñ×ÓÊÇÌåÐÄÁ¢·½£»ÌåÐÄÁ¢·½µÄµ¹¸ñ×ÓÊÇÃæÐÄÁ¢·½¡£ [½â´ð]
ÉèÓ뾧Öáa,b,c ƽÐеĵ¥Î»Ê¸Á¿·Ö±ðΪi,j,kÃæÐÄÁ¢·½Õý¸ñ×ÓµÄÔ°û»ùʸ¿ÉȡΪ
aa1?(j?k),
2a(k?j),2
aa3?(i?j).2a2??Óɵ¹¸ñʸ¹«Ê½
b1?2?[a2?a3]2?[a3?a1]2?[a1?a2],b2?,b3?, ???¿ÉµÃÆäµ¹¸ñʸΪ
2?(?i?j?k),a2?b2?(i?j?k),
a2?b3?(i?j?k).ab1?ÉèÓ뾧Öáa,b,c ƽÐеĵ¥Î»Ê¸Á¿·Ö±ðΪi,j,k ,ÌåÐÄÁ¢·½Õý¸ñ×ÓµÄÔ°û»ùʸ¿ÉȡΪ
a(?i?j?k),2aa2?(i?j?k),
2aa3?(i?j?k).2a1?ÒÔÉÏÈýʽÓëÃæÐÄÁ¢·½µÄµ¹¸ñ»ùʸÏà±È½Ï£¬Á½ÕßÖ»Ïà²îÒ»³£Êý¹«Òò×Ó£¬ Õâ˵Ã÷ÃæÐÄÁ¢·½µÄµ¹¸ñ×ÓÊÇÌåÐÄÁ¢·½¡£
½«ÌåÐÄÁ¢·½Õý¸ñ×ÓÔ°û»ùʸ´úÈëµ¹¸ñʸ¹«Ê½ b1?2?[a2?a3]2?[a3?a1]2?[a1?a2],b2?,b3?. ???ÔòµÃÆäµ¹¸ñ×Ó»ùʸΪ
2?(i?k),a2? b2?(k?i),
a2?b3?(i?j).ab1?¿É¼ûÌåÐÄÁ¢·½µÄµ¹¸ñ×ÓÊÇÃæÐÄÁ¢·½¡£ 8£®Áù½Ç¾§°ûµÄ»ùʸ
3aai?j,223ab??ai?j,
22C?cka? ÇóÆäµ¹¸ñ»ùʸ¡£ [½â´ð]
¾§°ûÌå»ýΪ ??a?[b?c]
3a3aai?j)?[?(ai?j)?(ck)]2222
32?ac.2?(Æäµ¹¸ñʸΪ
2?[b?c]?3a2?2?[(?ai?j)?(ck)]?223a2ca??2?3(i?j).a32?[c?a]b???3a2?2?[(ck)?(ai?j)]?223a2c?2?3(?i?j).a32?[a?b]c???3a3a2?2?[(ai?j)?(?ai?j)]?22223a2c 2?
?kc9£®Ö¤Ã÷ÒÔϽṹ¾§Ãæ×åµÄÃæ¼ä¾à£º
?£¨1£© Á¢·½¾§Ïµ:dhkl?a[h?k?l],
hkl?1£¨2£© Õý½»¾§Ïµ:dhkl?[()2?()2?()2]2
abc2212?2£¨3£© Áù½Ç¾§Ïµ:dhkl4h2?k2?hkl2?1?[()?()]2 23ca£¨4£© ¼òµ¥µ¥Ð±:dhkl1h2l22hlcos?k2?1?[2(2?2?)?2]2.
acsin?acb[½â´ð]
£¨1£©ÉèÑØÁ¢·½¾§ÏµÖáa,b,cµÄµ¥Î»Ê¸Á¿·Ö±ðΪi,j,k,ÔòÕý¸ñ×Ó»ùʸΪ
a?ai,b?bj,c?ak,
ͼ1.11Á¢·½¾§°û
µ¹¸ñ×Ó¾§Ê¸Îª
2?2?2?a??i,b??j,c??k.
aaaÓ뾧Ãæ×å(hkl)Õý½»µÄµ¹¸ñΪ
Khkl?ha??kb??lc?.
Óɾ§Ãæ¼ä¾à dhklÓëµ¹¸ñʸKhklµÄ¹Øϵʽ
dhkl?µÃ£¬
2?Khklah?k?l222
dhkl?.£¨2£©¶ÔÓÚÕý½»¾§Ïµ£¬¾§°û»ùʸa,b,cÏ໥´¹Ö±£¬µ«¾§¸ñ³£Êýa?b?c.ÉèÑؾ§Öá
a,b,cµÄµ¥Î»Ê¸Á¿·Ö±ðΪi,j,k ÔòÕý¸ñ×Ó»ùʸΪ a?ai,b?bj,c?ck,
µ¹¸ñ×Ó»ùʸΪ
2?2?2?a??i,b??j,c??k.
abcÓ뾧Ãæ×å (hkl) Õý½»µÄµ¹¸ñΪ
ͼ1.12Õý½»¾§°ûµ¹
Khkl?ha??kb??lc?.
Óɾ§Ãæ¼ä¾à dhkl Óëµ¹¸ñʸKhklµÄ¹Øϵʽ
dhkl?µÃ
dhkl2? Khklh2k2l2?1?[()?()?()]2 abc£¨2£© ¶ÔÓÚÁù½Ç¾§Ïµ£¬a?b?c,????90?,??120?,¾§Ãæ×å (hkl) µÄÃæ¼ä¾à