(?5.9?14.658)kJmol?1?
298K?29.4JK?1mol?1
?QR?T?rSm?298K?(?27.58JK?1mol?1)
?8.219kJmol?1
(2)所有状态函数的变量均保持不变,只是 Wf?0
We?1.24kJ
Qp??rHm??5.9kJmol?1
?【40】已知水的离子积常数Kw在293K和303K时分别为:
??Kw(293K)?0.67?10?14,Kw(303K)?1.45?10?14。试求:
?(1)在298K和标准压力时,中和反应H?(aq)?OH?(aq)?H2O(l)的?rHm和
???rSm的值(设?rHm与温度的关系可以忽略)。
?(2)298K时OH-的标准摩尔生成Gibss自由能?fGm的值。已知下述电池的标
准电动势E??0.927V:
Pt|H2(p?)|KOH(aq)|HgO(s)|Hg(l)
1?(298K)??58.5kJmol?1。 并已知反应Hg(l)?O2(g,p?)?HgO(s)的?rGm2【解】(1) H2O(l)??H(Ha?)??OH(?a )OH Kw?aH?a? OH'?11?Kw(T2)?rHmln???? Kw(T1)R?T1T2?'?rHm1.45?10?141?1ln???0.67?10?148.314JK?1mol?1?293K303K'?rHm?56.985kJmol?1
?? ??'?rHm???rHm??56.985kJmol?1
??rGm(293K)??RT1ln1 Kw(T1) ??8.314JK?1mol?1?293Kln??79.62kJmol?1
??rGm(303K)??RT2ln1
0.67?10?141
Kw(T2) ??8.314JK?1mol?1?303Kln??80.27kJmol?1
1
1.45?10?141????rGm(298K)?[?rGm(303K)??rGm(293K)]
21?[?79.62?80.27]kJmol?1 2??79.95kJmol?1
???rHm??rGm?rSm?
T?(?56.985?79.95)kJmol?1?
298K?77.06JK?1mol?1
(2)所给电池的电池反应为
?HgO(s)?H2(p?)?Hg(l)?H2O(l) (1) ?rGm(1)
已知 Hg(l)?1O(g,?p?)22?(2) ) s (2) ?rGmHgO(?H2O(l)?H?(aq)?OH?(aq) (3) ?rGm(3)
(1)+(2)+(3)得
1?(4) H2(p?)?O2(p?)?H?(aq)?OH?(aq) (4) ?rGm2??因为?fGm(H?)?0,所以?fGm(OH?)??rGm(4)
??fGm(OH?)??rGm(1)??rGm(2)??rGm(3)
?12?0.9V27?96C50m0ol? ???15k8.J5mol??179.kJ9mol 5?1kJ6mol ??317.3