(天津专版)2018年高考英语二轮复习 专题一 语法知识 第四讲 情态动词与虚拟语气 下载本文

与过去事实相反 与现在事实相反 had done did/were did/were would/could/might have done would/could/ might do 与将来事实相反 were to do should do would/could/ might do

If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话,你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反) If it were sunny tomorrow,I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话,我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反) If I were you,I would go at once.

假如我是你的话,我会马上走。(与现在事实相反,事实上我不可能是你) (2)错综时间条件句

当条件句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称作“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。

If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now. 如果你以前用功学习了的话,你现在就是一名大学生了。 (3)含蓄条件句

用介词(短语)代替条件状语从句,常用的介词(短语)有without,but for,but that,otherwise,or,but等。

Without your help,we could not have succeeded. 没有你的帮助,我们不可能取得成功。

But for electricity,there would be no modern industry. 要是没有电,就没有现代产业。

He felt very tired yesterday,or he would have attended the party. 他昨天太累了,否则他会参加派对的。 (4)if省略句

①当if引导的虚拟条件句中的谓语动词含有had,should,were时,可将if省略,而将had,should,were置于句首,采用倒装结构。

If you had left home earlier,you would have caught the bus.=Had you left home earlier,you would have caught the bus.

如果你早点从家中出门,你就能赶上汽车了。

②若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,不能用谓语动词的省略形式。

Were it not for the expense,I would go abroad now. 要不是考虑到花销,我现在可能都出国了。 2.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用

(1)demand,suggest,order,insist等表命令、建议、要求后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”;wish后的宾语从句中分别用过去式、过去完成式和“could/would+动词原形”表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反。 We suggested that Tom have a rest. 我们建议汤姆去休息一下。 I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。

He wished he hadn’t said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨。 (2)

It

is

necessary/important/strange

that...

It

is

suggested/demanded/ordered/requested that...等从句中,谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。

It is important that we (should) master a foreign language. 掌握一门外语很重要。

It’s suggested that the plan (should) be carried out. 人们建议执行这个计划。

(3)作idea,advice,order,demand,request等表命令、建议、要求的词的表语从句和同位语从句中,其谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。 My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. 我要求她一周来看我一次。

All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory (should) be closed down. 我们都支持关闭化工厂的建议。

3.在as if 从句中,常用虚拟形式,即表示与现在事实相反,用过去式;与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done)。

She looks after the boy as if he were her own son. 她照顾这男孩就像对自己的儿子一样。

She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她谈论那部影片,就好像她确实看过一样。

4.It’s (high/about) time that+主语+过去时/should do,意为“到了某人做……的时

候了”。

It is high time that we went to bed/should go to bed. 到了我们睡觉的时候了。

5.would rather...+过去时(与现在或将来相反)/过去完成时(与过去相反) I’d rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。

方法1 意义判断法

所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词的意义和用法是做题的前提。

[典例] You________ park here!It’s an emergency exit. A.wouldn’t C.couldn’t 答案 D

解析 句意为:你不准把车停在这里!这是一个紧急出口。wouldn’t不会;needn’t没有必要;couldn’t不能够;mustn’t不准,禁止。故选D项。 方法2 句型判断法

有些情态动词需要用在特定的句型中,如may表示推测时,往往用在肯定或否定句中;must表示推测只能用于肯定句中。运用此法就是通过分析所给句子的句型特点,选用具有特定句型特点的情态动词。

[典例] You ________ be hungry already—you had lunch only two hours ago! A.wouldn’t C.mustn’t 答案 B

解析 句意为:你不可能饿了。你两小时前刚吃过。can表推测用于否定句中,意为“不可能”。 方法3 语气判断法

情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、情感或态度,所以在解答此类试题时,一定要注意说话者的语气(这也是解题的难点),这就要求正确理解句子,从说话者的角度去考虑问题,结合具体的语境来分析和判断,最后确定所需情态动词是否符合特定的情感需要。

[典例] Just as we were sitting down to have dinner,the telephone________ ring. A.must C.might 答案 A

解析 must在此表示说话人的愿望或感到不耐烦,意为“偏要”。句意为:正当我们要坐下

B.could D.need B.can’t D.needn’t B.needn’t D.mustn’t

来吃饭时,偏偏电话铃响了。 方法4 人称判断法

有些情态动词在表达某个意义时,要与特定的人称连用,这为我们选择正确答案提供了方向。 [典例] —I haven’t got the reference book yet,but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.

—Don’t worry.You________ have it by Friday. A.could B.shall C.must D.may 答案 B

解析 句意为:——我还没有弄到参考书,但是下个月我将参加这门学科的测试。——不要担心,到星期五时你就有了。shall用于主语为第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示“允诺”,符合语境。could能够;must必须;may也许,可以。 方法5 特定词汇、句型提示法

虚拟语气可以用在状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句中,在不同的从句中,虚拟语气用不同的动词形式来体现,如if非真实条件句(分三种情形),wish后的宾语从句等。所以,掌握了各类从句中虚拟语气的动词形式,就基本上掌握了虚拟语气的用法。另外,某些词、句如if it were not for/had not been for,but for...,if only...,without等,往往也要采用虚拟语气。

[典例1] If it ________ for his invitation the other day,I should not be here now.(2016·江苏,27) A.had not been C.were not to be 答案 A

解析 句意为:如果不是他前几天邀请我,我现在就不会在这里了。根据句子结构和句意可知,此处为虚拟语气,再结合时间状语the other day可知,这是对过去行为的虚拟,故if从句要用过去完成时。

[典例2] Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ________ it without you. A.can manage B.could have managed C.could manage D.can have managed 答案 B

解析 根据without可知,要用虚拟语气;根据第一句中的last week可知,是对过去情况的虚拟,故选B。could have done表示本能够做某事(但没做)。

B.should not be D.should not have been

强化练(四)

1.The movie couldn’t be more boring.I wish I ________ to it.

(2017·天津十二所重点中学二模,14)

A.had not been C.did not go 答案 A

解析 句意为:这部电影无聊透了。我希望我没有去看它。wish后的宾语从句表示对过去事情的虚拟,故谓语动词用过去完成时,选A。 2.—What does the sign over there read?

—“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette or pipe in this restaurant.”

(2017·河西区二模,8)

A.will C.need 答案 B

解析 句意为:——那边的牌子上写着什么?——“任何人不得在本餐厅吸烟或手持点燃的香烟或烟斗。” shall在此处表示“规定”。 3.—Can I go now,sir?

—If you ________ leave,do it quietly.(2017·天津十二所重点中学一模,2) A.should C.shall 答案 B

解析 句意为:——我现在可以走吗,先生?——如果你非要离开,悄悄地走。must偏要,非得。

4.If I ________ time,I would certainly go to the movies with you,but I have a lot of work to do.

(2017·红桥区二模,14)

A.had C.will have 答案 A

解析 句意为:如果我有时间的话,我肯定会和你一起去看电影,但是我有很多工作要做。对现在情况的虚拟,条件句谓语动词需用动词的过去式,故选A。

5.________ the rain stop,the crops would be saved.(2017·河东区二模,11)

B.have D.had had B.must D.may B.shall D.must

B.have not been D.have not gone