小升初英语语法知识总结大全 下载本文

(7)针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语? (8)针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: What’s + 介词短语? (9)There be结构一般用在句子的开头,而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。

八、冠词

1、冠词分类:英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。

2、不定冠词a / an的用法:用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面; an用在元音开头的词的前面。

(1)表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:There is a dog lying on the ground.

(2)表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如:A elephant is much stronger than a man.

(3)表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如:He is a teacher of English. (4) 表示“一”这个数量。如:There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.

(5)几个用不定冠词的习语:

a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lot (许多), a kind of(一种), a pair of(一副、一双), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一张、一片), half an hour(半

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小时), have a good time(玩得开心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(发出嘈杂声), have/take a rest等(休息)一会儿,等等。 3、定冠词the的用法:定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。 (1)表示特指的人或事物。如:The man with a flower in his hand is Jack. (2)指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如:Look at the blackboard, Lily. (3)复述前面提到过的人或事物。如:There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert. (4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。如:The earth turns around the sun. (5)用在表示方位的名词前面。如:There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River. (6)在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如:Who is the first one to go? / Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth. (在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近) (7)常用在乐器名称的前面。如:He began to play the violin at the age of 5. (8)用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如:I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains. (9)用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。如:He is from the United States of America. (10)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如:The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month. (11)same之前一般用the。如:Lucy and Lily look the same. 17

(12)几个用定冠词的习语:at the same time (与此同时),make the bed(铺床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(顺便说一下),on the way(在路上)等等。 4、一些不用冠词的情况: (1)专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。如:China is a very large country.(中国是个大国) / Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水) (2)名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。如:My pen is much more expensive than yours. (3)周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。如:He was born on Monday, February 18,1995. They usually plant trees on the hills in spring. (4)(第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。如:Men are cleverer than monkeys. (5)三餐饭前不用。如:We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭) (6)节、假日前一般不用。如:On Children’s Day the boys often get presents from their parents. (7)球类名词前不用。如:The children play football on Saturday afternoons. (8)城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。如:They are now at People’s Cinema. 18

(9)一些习惯用语中不用。如:

⑴ at / to / from / out of / after / for school; ⑵ in / to / for / after class; ⑶in / to / out of / into bed; ⑷ after / at/ from / out of / to work; ⑸ at / to sea; ⑹ in / from / down / to town;

⑺ at / from home; ⑻ at / for / to breakfast/lunch/supper; ⑼ at night/noon/midnight;

⑽ on foot; ⑾ go to school/bed; ⑿ on top of; ⒀ in front of; ⒁on show/display/duty/watch; ⒂ in / out of hospital; ⒃ at all; ⒄ on/in time; ⒅ at first/last/once; ⒆in Chinese/English; ⒇ take care of

九、介词

1、介词的主要用法:

介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格)或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。有些介词是由两个以上的词构成的短语介词,如:out of(从…中出来), away from(距离…), next to(在…隔壁), in front of(在…前方)等。 2、介词的分类表:

地点(位置、范围)介词: after在…后面, at在…处, before在...前, behind在...后, beside在...旁边, between在...之间, from来自..., in在...里面, near靠近..., on在...上面, outside在....外面, under在...下方, in front of在...前, in the middle of在...的中间, at the back of在...的后部,等等。

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方向(目标趋向)介词: along沿着..., around绕着..., at朝着..., down向…下, for向..., from从/离..., in进入..., into进入..., near接近..., off脱离/除..., out of向...外, outside向....外, to向/朝..., up向...上, away from远离...

时间介词:about大约..., after在…以后, at在… (时刻), before在…以前, for有…(之久), from从…(时)起, in在(上/下午); on在(某日), past过了…(时), to到(下一时刻),

方式介词:as作为/当作..., by用/由/乘坐/被..., in用…(语言), like与…一样, on骑(车)/徒(步), with用(材料),用(手/脚/耳/眼),

涉及介词: about关于..., in在…(方面), of…的,有关..., to对…而言, with就…而言 其它介词:

【目的介词】 for为了..., to为了…

【比较介词】 as与…一样,like象…一样,than比...,to与…相比少, 【伴随/状态介词】 at在(上班/休息/上学/家,etc.),in穿着…(衣服/颜色), on在(值日), with与…一起,有/带着/长着... 3、介词短语的句法作用:

介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。如:The man came .(状)(那个人走下楼来)/The woman is from the countryside.(定)(头上戴花的妇女来自乡下)/The teacher is now with the students.(表)(老师现在和学生在一起) 4、介词短语在句子中的位置:

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