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电动汽车论文：电动汽车永磁同步电机直接转矩控制算法研究与实现

【中文摘要】电动汽车作为新能源汽车的代表,具有污染小、噪音低、维护容易和结构简单等特点,缓解了汽车产业面临的能源短缺与环境污染的双重压力。永磁同步电机具有体积小、重量轻、控制性能好等特点,它将电动汽车的发展带入了一个新的阶段。永磁同步电机驱动控制算法的研究,对电动汽车的发展具有一定的工程应用价值。论文首先建立了两相旋转坐标系下永磁同步电机数学模型,在MATLAB/SIMULINK环境下利用S-function模块搭建了基于dSPACE硬件在回路仿真平台的永磁同步电机模型。分析了电动汽车的动力特性与性能指标,并给出了符合电动汽车驱动要求的永磁同步电机牵引特性曲线。其次,介绍了永磁同步电机直接转矩控制理论,分析了永磁同步电机与异步感应电机中定子磁链计算的不同之处,并给出一种永磁同步电机定子磁链估算方法。计算了电机的最大转矩角以及定子磁链给定值的限制范围。通过分析电动汽车频繁加减速的运行特性,研究了低速区的恒转矩控制及高速区的恒功率控制算法。利用

MATLAB/SIMULINK工具,分别搭建了基于开关表和空间矢量脉宽调制两种算法的直接转矩控制模型,并详细讲述了各模块的实现方法。仿真了电动汽车低速区恒转矩起动和高速区恒功率运行的牵引工况,对其动态特性进行了仿真分析。结果表明,系统具有良好的稳态性能和快速响应能力。最后,在dSPACE硬件在回路仿真平台上搭建了主电路

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模型,并设计了ControlDesk上位机的监控界面,编写了基于TMS320F2812的DSP的永磁同步电机直接转矩控制程序,完成了电动汽车永磁同步电机的恒转矩直接转矩控制。半实物仿真结果显示,电机的转速响应迅速,在稳态运行时转矩脉动较小

【英文摘要】As a representative of the new energy vehicles, Electric vehicles eased the pressure of energy shortage and environmental pollution of the automotive industry facing with its advantages of less polluting, lower noise, easy maintenance and simple structure. The development of electric vehicles will be brought into a higher stage by permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for the characteristics of a small size, light weight, high control performance. Therefore, researching on PMSM drive control algorithm is valuable for electric vehicles engineering.Firstly, by establishing the PMSM mathematical model in a two-phase rotating coordinate system, PMSM model is built using s-function module in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment which is used for dSPACE hardware in loop (HIL) simulation platform. The dynamic characteristics of electric vehicle performance are analyzed, and the traction characteristic curve of PMSM witch meets requirements of electric vehicle drive is given in the paper.Secondly, the direct torque control (DTC) theory of PMSM is analyzed, and a PMSM stator flux

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estimation method is proposed by comparison for the stator flux calculation of PMSM and asynchronous induction motor, In addition, the maximum torque angle of the motor and the stator flux reference value limits are calculated. Based on the operating characteristics of frequent acceleration and deceleration of electric vehicle, the operation of low velocity zone and high-speed zone is simulated. To realize the design and research of constant torque control and constant power control algorithm, two models based on switching table structures and space vector PWM algorithm for DTC is set up using the MATLAB/SIMULINK tool. The detail of the implementation method of each module is introduced

respectively. The results of the simulation for the electric vehicles dynamic characteristics show that the system has a good steady-state performance and fast response.Finally, the main circuit model is built in the dSPACE hardware in loop simulation platform, and the ControlDesk PC monitor interface is designed. By programming the DTC algorithm of PMSM based on TMS320F2812DSP, the constant torque start-loop simulation experiment on DTC of PMSM for electric vehicles is completed. Simulation results show that the speed of the motor can follow the changes of motor torque well, and the system has good

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