直接引语与间接引语

引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是讲述别人的原话，并把它放在引号里，这叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人，并且不能用引号，这就是间接引语。直接引语[1]和间接引语之间可以互相转换。

She said \直接引语] 她说：“我哥哥不想去那儿。”

→She said that her brother didn't want to go here.[间接引语]

He said to her, \直接引语] 他对她说：“我将帮你弟弟学英语。”

→He told her that he'd help her brother with his English. 直接引语变间接引语的五点变化 1.时态变化

直接引语变为间接引语时，若主句为过去时态，变为间接引语的宾语从句的时态如下表：

直接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去进行时 can may must eg:

间接引语 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去将来时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时（不变） 过去进行时（不变） could might must/ had to \他说：“我很喜欢英语。”

→He said that he liked English very much. He said, \他说：“很快就会下雨。”

→He said that it would rain soon. 注意：

[1] 若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变：

The teacher said to us, \老师对我们说：“知识就是力量” →The teacher told us that knowledge is power.

[2]有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时态状语，变为间接引语时时态也可不变： He said that his daughter was born in 1997.\他说：“我的女儿是1997年出生的。” →He said that his daughter was born in 1997. 2.时间状语的变化

直接引语变为间接引语时，有些时间状语也要作相应的变动。

直接引语 now 现在 today 今天 tonight 今晚 this week 本周 yesterday 昨天 the day before yesterday 前天 two days ago 两天前 last week 上周 tomorrow 明天 next week 下周 间接引语 then 那时；当时 that day 那天 that night 那天晚上 that week 上周 the day before前一天 two days before 前两天 three days before 三天前 the last week 前一周 the next day 第二天 the next week 第二个星期 eg:

He said, \他说：“我现在在睡觉。” →He said that he was sleeping then.

各类句子由直接引语变间接引语的方法 1.当直接引语为陈述句时，变为间接引语的方法是：将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句，跟在引述的动词之后（that也可以省略）。eg:

She said :\她说：“我妹妹不愿意来这。” →She said that her sister didn't want to go there .

2.当直接引语为一般疑问句时，变间接引语的方法：将直接引语变为由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句跟在叙述动词之后。eg:

\老师问道：“大家都到齐了么？” →The teacher asked if / whether everybody was there. 3.当直接引语为特殊疑问句时，变为间接引语的方法是：将直接引语变为由“疑问词”引导的宾语从句，跟在引述之后。eg:

She asked ,:\她问：“你住在哪里？” →She asked where he lived.

4.当直接引语为祈使句时，变为间接引语的方法是：使用ask / tell / order sb. to do sth. 这一结构进行转换，若祈使句为否定式则用ask / tell / order sb. not to do sth., 其中ask, tell, order 的选择要根据句子的语气而定。eg:

\他说：“比尔，明天早点起床。” →He told Bill to get up early the next day.

5.直接引语如果是感叹句，改为间接引语时，改成用疑问代词what或疑问副词how引导的宾语从句。也可以改为that引导的从句。e.g. He said to me ,\ → He told me what a beautiful park it was.

或 He told me that the park was quite beautiful. 1.He said he didn't like that book.

2.She asked if/whether I knew the teacher's name.

3.Tge teacher told/asked us not to play football in that room. 4.Mary asked me to lock the door when I left .

5.The teacher said the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949. 6.He asked how I had finished my job the day before. 7.Mother said (that) I ought to clean the room that day. 8.He said he had been there before I went.

9.She asked when my father would go fishing .

10.He asked me if /whether I wanted to join them. 直接引语转化为间接引语： 一、如何变人称：

下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：

She said. \with her.

“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：

He said to Kate. \is your sister now?\→He asked Kate how her sister was then。

“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：

Mr Smith said。 \is a good worker。\Smith said Jack was a good worker。

二、如何变时态：

直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。

现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：

1)She said. \→She said she had lost a pen 2)She said. \ She said they hoped so.

3) She said. \will go to see his friend。\said he would go to see his friend。

但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 ①直接引语是客观真理。

\told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。

②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：

Jack said. \where were you going when I met you in the street?\asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。

③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：

Xiao Wang said. \。\on April 20, 1980。

④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：

He said, \get up at six every morning。\→He said he gets up at six every morning。

⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如： Peter said. \。\that day。

三、如何变状语：

直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如： He said, \e books are mine.\ 四、如何变句型：

①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如： She said, \

→ She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.

②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, \he could swim.

\asked me whether I had finished the homework.

\ent to school by bus or by bike.

③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。

She asked me, \their dinner.

④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为\等) sb (not) to do sth.\句型。如：

\not to make any noise. \me a cup of tea, please,\she.→ She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.

⑤直接引语如果是以“Let?s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如：

He said, \或He suggested that they should go to see the film.

引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如： John said, \

约翰说：\我要和父亲到伦敦去。\（引号内是直接引语） John said that he was going to London with his father.

约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语） 由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况： 1． 直接引语是陈述句时

间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。

He said , \?He said (that ) I was younger than him. 2.直接引语是疑问句时

间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。

（1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。 She said, \

→She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers. She asked me , \ →She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film. （2） 选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。

I asked him, \

→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.