2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

英 语（北京卷）

第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）

第一节 单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，共15分）

从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 例：It’s so nice to hear from her again ______, we last met more than thirty years ago. A. What’s more B. That’s to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not 答案是D。

21. —Look at those clouds!

—Don’t worry. ______ it rains, we’ll still have a great time. A. Even if B.As though C. In case D. If only

22. By the time you have finished this book, your meal ______ cold.

A. gets B. has got C. will get D.is getting

23. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.

A. corrects B. correct C.to correct D. correcting

24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently.

A. why B. how C. that D. whether

25. George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he ______.

A. wouldn’t B. didn’t C. hasn’t D. hadn’t

26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when

27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.

A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use

28. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _____.

A. some B. less C. much D. more

29. —Have you heard about that fire in the market?

— Yes, fortunately no one _____.

A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt

30. Our friendship _____ quickly over the weeks that followed.

A. had developed B. was developing C. would develop D. developed

31. ______ at the door before you enter my room, please.

A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock

32. Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _____away.

A. to stay B. ataying C. stayed D. stay

33. We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me? A. should face B. might face

C. could have faced D. must have faced

34. Do you think this shirt is too tight ____ the shoulders?

A. at B. on C. to D. across

35. Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel.

A. is B. were C. has been D. had been

【答案】21-25 . ACDCB 26-30 . BCDBD 31-35 AACDB 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Inspiration

“Mama, when I grow up, I’m going to be one of those!” I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three. It was the first time that my __36__ took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training. As I grew older and was __37__ to more, my interests in the world of dance __38__ varied but that little girl’s dream of someday becoming a __39__ in the company never left me. In the summer of 2005 when I was 18, I received the phone call which made that dream a __40__; I became a member of the company __41__ back to 1925. As I look back on that day now, it surely __42__ any sense of reality. I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief __43__ I was halfway through rehearsals (排练) on my first day. I never actually __44__ to get the job. After being offered the position, I was completely __45__. I remember shaking with excitement. Though I was absolutely thrilled with the change, it did not come without its fair share of __46__. Through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week, I found it vital to __47__ up the material fast with every last bit of concentration. It is that extreme __48__ to detail (细节) and stress on practice that set us __49__. To then follow those high-energy rehearsals __50__ a busy show schedule of up to five performances a day, I discovered a new __51__ of the words “hard work.” What I thought were my physical __52__ were pushed much further than I thought __53__. I learned to make each performance better than the last.

Today, when I look at the unbelievable company that I have the great __54__ of being a part of, not only as a member, but as a dance captain, I see a __55__ that has inspired not only generations of little girls but a splendid company that continues to develop and grow-and inspires people every day to follow their dreams. 36. A. hobby B. plan C. dream D. word 37. A connected B. expanded C. exposed D. extended 38. A. rarely B. certainly C. probably D. consistently 39. A. director B. trainer C. leader D. dancer 40. A. symbol B. memory C. truth D. reality 41. A. bouncing B. dating C. turning D. tracking

42. A. lacks B. adds C. makes D. brings 43. A. while B. since C. until D. when 44. A. Cared B. Expected C. Asked D. Decided 45. A. motivated B. relaxed C. convinced D. astonished 46. A. challenges B. profits C. advantages D. adventures 47. A. put B. mix C. build D. pick

48. A. Attention B. association C. attraction D. adaptation 49. A. apart B. aside C. off D. back 50. A. over B. by C. with D. beyond 51. A. function B. meaning C. expression D. usage 52. A. boundaries B. problems C. barriers D. efforts 53. A. necessary B. perfect C. proper D. possible

54. A. talent B. honor C. potential D. responsibility 55. A. victory B. trend C. tradition D. desire

36-40. CCBDD 41-45.BACBD 46-50．ADAAC 51-55. BADBC

第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

The Basics of Math—Made Clear

Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代数) and beyond.

The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.

Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to “make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing—and completely understandable—field of study.

By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges.

Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as “the best math teacher in America,” is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary.

With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers.

If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.

56. What does the course Basic Math mainly cover?

A. Algebra. B. College Mathematics. C. Arithmetic. D. Mathematics Education. 57. What benefits can students expect from Basic Math?

A. Stronger imaginative ability. B. Additional presentation skills. C. More mathematical confidence. D. Greater chances of becoming teachers. 58. What can we learn about Professor H. Siegel?

A. He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television. B. He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math. C. He works in Georgia State University. D. He specializes in training teachers. 59. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?

A. A news report. B. A book review C. A lesson plan. D. An advertisement

CCBD

B Peanuts to This

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Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher. Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had slaved over, hoping to hide myself. “What could be causing everyone to act this way?”

Quickly, I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first real talk I received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington. Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before. As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort of army across America. I stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant. I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice; flip (掷) a coin. Heads—the commander, and tails—the peanuts guy. Ah! Tails, my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver.

Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, “My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?

Obviously, my grade was awful. Heartbroken but fearless, I decided to turn this around. I talked to Miss Lancelot, but she insisted: No re-dos; no new grade. I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chance. Consequently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmaster’s office with my grandfather, now having an entirely different conversation. I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my option to skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet!

60. What did the author’s classmates think about his report?

A. Controversial. B. Ridiculous. C. Boring. D. Puzzling. 61. Why was the author confused about the task?

A. He was unfamiliar with American history B. He followed the advice and flipped a coin. C. He forgot his teacher’s instruction. D. He was new at the school. 62. The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _______.

A. annoyed B. ashamed C. ready D. eager 63. In the end, the author turned things around _______.

A. by redoing his task B. through his own efforts

C. with the help of his grandfather D. under the guidance of his headmaster BADB

C

Decision-making under Stress

A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.

The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.

“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”

For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult

math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.

This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress –at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.

The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.

Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.

This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.

64. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.

A. keep rewards better in their memory B. recall consequences more effortlessly C. make risky decisions more frequently D. learn a subject more effectively 65. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______. A. ways of making choices B. preference for pleasure C. tolerance of punishments D. responses to suggestions 66. The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.

A. women find it easier to fall into certain habits B. men have a greater tendency to slow down C. women focus more on outcomes D. men are more likely to take risks

AAD

D Wilderness

“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.

As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr.Sauven, these ”ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.

Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without

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