专业英语四级（阅读）-试卷148
(总分：30.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、 READING COMPREHENSION(总题数：11，分数：30.00)
1.PART V READING COMPREHENSION
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：
2.SECTION AIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：
We're always being told by the Department of Health to eat five portions of fruit and vegetables a day. But it's not clear where the evidence for this comes from and a large study by the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition(EPIC)two years ago of the dietary intake of more than 400, 000 people found only a weak link between eating fruit and vegetables and a reduction in overall cancer risk. There's no evidence it reduces breast or prostate cancer. Even so, how could anyone argue against eating more fruit and vegetables? Well, it depends what fruit you're eating. A review article in the Canadian Medical Association Journal warns that a chemical in grapefruits can interact fatally with certain medicines. Even apple juice, the staple of many breakfast tables, may reduce our absorption of some drugs. Parents also often think fruit juice is a healthy alternative to soda drinks but juices contain sugar and calories too—as much as a glass of Coke(160 calories)—so should be drunk in moderation. Grapefruit has also been linked to an increase in breast cancer. A study in the British Journal of Cancer(BJC)of 500, 000 postmenopausal women found that eating a quarter of the fruit a day increased the risk by 30%. There is one good reason for not eating grapefruits—they taste sour. But they are unlikely to increase your risk of breast cancer: further research in the BJC showed no increase of breast cancer in pre- or post-menopausal women who tuck into grapefruits or drink juice. Grapefruit contains a type of chemical called furanocoumarin(also found in Seville oranges and limes but not Valencia or other sweet oranges), which, by inhibiting the enzyme CYP3A4, stops the breakdown of some prescription drugs. So the concentrations of these drugs rise and can have serious side-effects, including kidney damage, heart block(where no electrical impulses pass through the heart and it can stop beating), and deep vein thrombosis(which occurred when an oral contraceptive was taken by a woman who also ate grapefruit three days in a row). Patient information leaflets should tell you what foods to avoid with which drugs. If in doubt, ask your doctor. So you don't need to eat less fruit, and may still need to eat more. Another paper from the EPIC study found a 22% reduction in deaths from heart attacks in people who ate eight portions of fruit and vegetables a day compared to those who ate three or fewer. The way the study is designed, however, means that it can only suggest a link—it can't prove one.（分数：6.00） (1).EPIC conducted a research two years ago to______.（分数：2.00） A.prove that people should eat five portions of fruit a day B.find a way to reduce the overall cancer risk C.make sure the right amount of fruit eaten every day
D.investigate the relation between eating fruit and reducing cancer risk √
解析：解析：推理题。文章第一段第二句提到，两年前欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调研协会对40多万人的饮食摄入情况进行了大规模研究，发现吃水果和蔬菜与减少癌症总发病率之间的关系不大，由此推知，该研究是为了调查吃水果和蔬菜与减少癌症总发病率之间的关系，所以选[D]。同时第一段第二句还提到每天应该吃五份水果和蔬菜这一说法的来源还不清楚，但并未提及该研究是否证明了这一说法，所以排除[A]“证明
人们应该每天吃五份水果”；这一研究的目的只是调查吃水果和蔬菜与减少癌症总发病率之间的关系，而不是为了找到减少癌症总发病率的方法，因此排除[B]；该句提到EPIC研究了40多万人的饮食摄入情况，但并未提及[C]“确定每天适当的水果摄入量”，故排除。 (2).In parents' opinion, fruit juice______.（分数：2.00） A.should not be drunk with drugs
B.should be healthier than soda drinks √ C.may also cause weight gain
D.could be drunk as much as the child like
解析：解析：细节题。文章第二段最后一句表明，父母们也经常认为果汁是汽水的健康替代品，由此推知，父母认为果汁比汽水更健康，所以[B]正确。本段第三句提到，西柚中的一种化学物质可以和某些药物发生致命的相互作用，第四句也指出，苹果汁可能减少我们对某些药物的吸收，但并未表明父母认为果汁“不应该和药物一起喝”，故排除[A]；该段最后一句提到，果汁也含有糖和卡路里，但父母并未意识到这一点，所以排除[C]“可能导致体重增加”；文中只提到父母认为果汁可以作为汽水的替代品，但并未说父母认为可以随便喝，因此排除[D]“可以让小孩儿随意喝”。
(3).The effect of the chemical in grapefruit on certain medicine might NOT lead to______.（分数：2.00）
A.breast cancer √ B.kidney damage C.heart block
D.deep vein thrombosis
解析：解析：细节题。由第五段第二句可知，西柚含有的化学物质对某些药物产生的影响可能导致严重的副作用，包括肾损害、心脏传导阻滞和深静脉血栓形成，所以[A]“乳腺癌”与文意不符，故为正确答案。 I'm a 50-something male, the father of two mostly grown girls. I'm happy to say that both my parents are still kicking. I'm on good terms with my brothers and sisters most of the time. I am blessed with good friends and other relations, and tend to get on well with my co-workers. I am fortunate in so many ways, but feel like I consistently disappoint everyone I know. I cannot, for the life of me, give a genuine compliment. It simply doesn't come naturally. When I try, and I do, in order to maintain all the aforementioned relationships, it feels forced, more a matter of obligation than a gift that might put wind in the sa Is of someone I truly care for. I feel strongly that giving should spring from joy, or at least from a heartfelt desire to see the recipient enlivened by it. When I have nothing to offer in response to a job well done, or I can't cite the intrinsic value of those I love, everyone loses. I feel like I've warped the emotional and social development of my children, alienated any number of perfectly wonderful lovers, and generally kept the world at arm's length. I can recall certain compliments given to me through the years. Some of them made all the differences, whether in attaining some goal or simply affording me an elevated sense of self and my rightful place in the world. The value of timely acknowledgment is obvious. After years of psychotherapy and the obsessive self-examination endemic to my generation, I believe I know where this stinginess of spirit comes from. Six kids in total, at a very tender age, there were five younger, cuter kids standing between me and the object of our affection. Mama was driven to distraction, to put it mildly, by the demands placed on her, but it was the 1950s and she set a selfless and hardy example. I had complete sympathy for her difficult situation, even at the time. The fact remains, however, that, as a young child, I needed more than I got. I thirsted for my mother's attention. I needed to know that she valued me as more than her helper, her strong little man. I clearly recall, at the ripe old age of 7, coming to the conclusion that I would never get it. \imagine the sibling rivalry in all its permutations. Eventually I took haven in the written word to get away from it. But even before I learned to read, I had realized that giving any sign of approval or encouragement to my brothers and sisters could only serve to increase the gulf between me and my mom. Does that make sense? I can rationalize otherwise, of course, and now we're all
\happy family\but the damage is done. I want to be gracious and giving, but when I even think to reach into that purse, however, it's pretty much empty.（分数：6.00）
(1).Which of the following may NOT describe the character of the author's mother?（分数：2.00） A.Expressive. √ B.Unselfish. C.Realistic. D.Tough.
解析：解析：推理题。第四段中作者谈到了自己的母亲迫于生活压力，将作者推上了生活的前线，还是孩子的作者想要得到的是母亲的关注和爱，而在本段末作者也指明，他永远也得不到它，由此可以看出，母亲不善于表达自己的情感，故[A]“善于表达的”不符合原文对母亲性格的描述，故为正确答案。本段第三句中可以看出，母亲为作者树立了无私和坚韧不拔的榜样，所以[B]和[D]不选；而母亲为了生活把作者(长子)当作自己的帮手来维持生计说明母亲是个现实的人，也排除[C]。
(2).The author's experiences during the childhood indicate all of the following EXCEPT that（分数：2.00）
A.the author is the first child of the family B.his family led a very hard life C.his mother gave less attention to him
D.his mother treated him as more than an assistant √
解析：解析：推理题一从第四段第五、六句可以看出，作者认为当时自己作为一个孩子得到的远远不够，他渴望得到母亲的关心，进而在第七句中进一步指出他需要了解到母亲不仅仅把他当作一个帮手和她坚强的小小男子汉，他需要得到母亲的爱，但从后文可以看出，他并未得到，所以反过来说，在母亲眼里，作者仅仅是一个维持生计的帮手，故选[D]，同时也可排除[C]。由本段第二句可以看出，作者是家里最年长的孩子，故排除[A]；根据该段第三句提到的母亲肩上的担子很重可知，作者家里生活艰难，所以也排除[B]。 (3).From the passage, we can draw a conclusion that______.（分数：2.00） A.family has a deep influence on a person √ B.compliments are very important to a person C.one should treasure the relationship with others D.when facing tough time, one should never give up
解析：解析：推理题本文主要阐述作者在孩童时期的经历对他以后生活所造成的影响：作者是长子，童年时期承担起了协助养家糊口的重任，但同时他也只是个孩子，表露出对弟妹们的支持和鼓励只能让自己更失去母亲的关爱，从而形成他成年后不会称赞别人的性格特点，所以可以推断出[A]正确，其他三项都不是文章的中心和写作意图所在。
In an effort to sustain commercial and recreational fishing for the next several decades, the United States this year will become the first country to impose catch limits for every species it manages, from Alaskan pollock(till)to Caribbean queen conch(海螺). Although the policy has attracted scant attention outside the community of those who fish in America and the officials who regulate them, it marks an important shift in a pursuit that has helped define the country since its founding. Catch limits are intended to protect the 528 species in federally managed fisheries. Unlike most recent environmental policy debates, which have divided neatly along party lines, this one is about a policy that was forged under President George W. Bush and finalized with President Obama's backing. \Schwaab, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's assistant administrator for fisheries. \reauthorization of the Magnuson-Stevens Act, which dates to the mid-1970s and governs all fishing in U. S. waters. A bipartisan coalition of lawmakers joined environmental groups, some fishing interests and scientists to insert language in the law requiring each fishery to have annual catch limits in place by the end of 2011 to end overfishing. Although NOAA didn't meet the law's Dec. 31 deadline—it has finalized 40 of the 46 fishery management plans that cover all federally managed stocks—officials said they are confident that they will have annual catch limits in place