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分布式控制课程设计

设 计 题 目：课题十五、试设计一个粉末冶金制品压制机系统 学 校： 上海工程技术大学 院 系： 机械工程学院 设 计 人 员： 肖威灵 指 导 教 师： 雷菊阳

上海工程技术大学 2014年 6 月20日

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目 录

摘要 ································································································· 2 一．课题背景 ····················································································· 2 二．研究目的和意义 ············································································ 2 三．控制要求 ····················································································· 3 四．工作流程图 ·················································································· 4 五．主电路的设计及线圈的接法 ····························································· 5 六．控制电路IO分配 ·········································································· 6 七．PLC接线 ···················································································· 8 八．控制电路梯形图 ············································································ 9 九．STEP7仿真调试及运行 ································································· 13 十．问题讨论 ···················································································· 19 十一．WINCC人机界面 ······································································ 22 十二．总结 ······················································································· 25 十三．参考文献 ················································································· 26

摘要

本文是一个关于粉末冶金制品压制机控制的PLC设计电路。通过对题目的分析可知，粉末冶金制品压制机的压制过程有两台电动机，其中一台控制冲头的上行和下降，另一台控制模具的上升和下降，考虑到其实质是控制两台电机的正反转，用一个简单的开关，通过四个继电器控制电机的正反转，就可以实现粉末冶金制品的生产。

关键字：PLC 压制机 一．课题背景

粉末冶金是制取金属或用金属粉末（或金属粉末与非金属粉末的混合物）作为原料，经过成形和烧结，制造金属材料、复合以及各种类型制品的工艺技术。粉末冶金法与生产陶瓷有相似的地方，因此，一系列粉末冶金新技术也可用于陶瓷材料的制备。由于粉末冶金技术的优点，它已成为解决新材料问题的钥匙，在新材料的发展中起着举足轻重的作用。 二．研究目的和意义

（1）粉末冶金技术可以最大限度地消除粗大、不均匀的铸造组织。在制备高性能稀土永磁材料、稀土储氢材料、稀土发光材料、稀土催化剂、高温超导材料、新型金属材料钢、粉末高速钢、金属间化合物高温结构材料等具有重要的作用。 （2）可以容易地实现多种类型的复合，充分发挥各组元材料各自的特性，是一种低成本生产高性能金属基和陶瓷复合材料的工艺技术。

（3）可以生产普通熔炼法无法生产的具有特殊结构和性能的材料和制品，如新型多孔生物材料，多孔分离膜材料、高性能结构陶瓷和功能陶瓷材料等。

（4）可以实现净近形成形和自动化批量生产，从而，可以有效地降低生产的资源和能源消耗。 三．控制要求

装好粉末后，按下启动按钮SB1，冲头下行，将粉末押金后，压力继电器KA动作（其动合触点闭合），延时5s后，冲头上行，至SQ1处停止后，模具下行，至SQ3处停止；操作工人取走成品后，按下SB2按钮，模具上行至SQ2处停止，系统回到