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×î½ü¶¼ÔÚºÍLinux´ò½»µÀ£¬Õâ·½Ãæ»ù´¡±È½Ï±¡ÈõµÄÎÒÖ»ºÃÂòÁ˱¾Äñ¸çµÄÊé¿´¿´£¬¸Ð¾õ»¹²»´í¡£ÎÒ¾õµÃLinuxÏà±Èwindows±È½ÏÂé·³µÄ¾ÍÊǺܶණÎ÷¶¼ÒªÓÃÃüÁîÀ´¿ØÖÆ£¬µ±È»£¬ÕâÒ²ÊǺܶàÈËϲ»¶linuxµÄÔÒò£¬±È½Ï¶ÌСµ«È´¹¦ÄÜÇ¿´ó¡£ÎªÁË·½±ã´ó¼Ò²éÕÒlinuxµÄÏà¹ØÃüÁÎҾͽ«ÎÒÁ˽⵽µÄÃüÁîÁоÙһϣ¬½ö¹©´ó¼Ò²Î¿¼£º
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arch ÏÔʾ»úÆ÷µÄ´¦ÀíÆ÷¼Ü¹¹(1)
uname -m ÏÔʾ»úÆ÷µÄ´¦ÀíÆ÷¼Ü¹¹(2) uname -r ÏÔʾÕýÔÚʹÓõÄÄں˰汾
dmidecode -q ÏÔʾӲ¼þϵͳ²¿¼þ - (SMBIOS / DMI) hdparm -i /dev/hda ÂÞÁÐÒ»¸ö´ÅÅ̵ļܹ¹ÌØÐÔ
hdparm -tT /dev/sda ÔÚ´ÅÅÌÉÏÖ´ÐвâÊÔÐÔ¶ÁÈ¡²Ù×÷ cat /proc/cpuinfo ÏÔʾCPU infoµÄÐÅÏ¢ cat /proc/interrupts ÏÔʾÖÐ¶Ï cat /proc/meminfo УÑéÄÚ´æʹÓÃ
cat /proc/swaps ÏÔʾÄÄЩswap±»Ê¹Óà cat /proc/version ÏÔʾÄں˵İ汾
cat /proc/net/dev ÏÔʾÍøÂçÊÊÅäÆ÷¼°Í³¼Æ cat /proc/mounts ÏÔʾÒѼÓÔصÄÎļþϵͳ lspci -tv ÂÞÁÐ PCI É豸 lsusb -tv ÏÔʾ USB É豸 date ÏÔʾϵͳÈÕÆÚ
cal 2007 ÏÔʾ2007ÄêµÄÈÕÀú±í
date 041217002007.00 ÉèÖÃÈÕÆÚºÍʱ¼ä - ÔÂÈÕʱ·ÖÄê.Ãë clock -w ½«Ê±¼äÐ޸ı£´æµ½ BIOS
¹Ø»ú (ϵͳµÄ¹Ø»ú¡¢ÖØÆôÒÔ¼°µÇ³ö ) shutdown -h now ¹Ø±Õϵͳ(1) init 0 ¹Ø±Õϵͳ(2) telinit 0 ¹Ø±Õϵͳ(3)
shutdown -h hours:minutes & °´Ô¤¶¨Ê±¼ä¹Ø±Õϵͳ shutdown -c È¡Ïû°´Ô¤¶¨Ê±¼ä¹Ø±Õϵͳ shutdown -r now ÖØÆô(1) reboot ÖØÆô(2) logout ×¢Ïú
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cd /home ½øÈë '/ home' Ŀ¼' cd .. ·µ»ØÉÏÒ»¼¶Ä¿Â¼ cd ../.. ·µ»ØÉÏÁ½¼¶Ä¿Â¼ cd ½øÈë¸öÈ˵ÄÖ÷Ŀ¼
cd ~user1 ½øÈë¸öÈ˵ÄÖ÷Ŀ¼ cd - ·µ»ØÉÏ´ÎËùÔÚµÄĿ¼ pwd ÏÔʾ¹¤×÷·¾¶ ls ²é¿´Ä¿Â¼ÖеÄÎļþ ls -F ²é¿´Ä¿Â¼ÖеÄÎļþ
ls -l ÏÔʾÎļþºÍĿ¼µÄÏêϸ×ÊÁÏ ls -a ÏÔʾÒþ²ØÎļþ
ls *[0-9]* ÏÔʾ°üº¬Êý×ÖµÄÎļþÃûºÍĿ¼Ãû
tree ÏÔʾÎļþºÍĿ¼ÓɸùĿ¼¿ªÊ¼µÄÊ÷Ðνṹ(1) lstree ÏÔʾÎļþºÍĿ¼ÓɸùĿ¼¿ªÊ¼µÄÊ÷Ðνṹ(2) mkdir dir1 ´´½¨Ò»¸ö½Ð×ö 'dir1' µÄĿ¼' mkdir dir1 dir2 ͬʱ´´½¨Á½¸öĿ¼
mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2 ´´½¨Ò»¸öĿ¼Ê÷ rm -f file1 ɾ³ýÒ»¸ö½Ð×ö 'file1' µÄÎļþ' rmdir dir1 ɾ³ýÒ»¸ö½Ð×ö 'dir1' µÄĿ¼'
rm -rf dir1 ɾ³ýÒ»¸ö½Ð×ö 'dir1' µÄĿ¼²¢Í¬Ê±É¾³ýÆäÄÚÈÝ rm -rf dir1 dir2 ͬʱɾ³ýÁ½¸öĿ¼¼°ËüÃǵÄÄÚÈÝ mv dir1 new_dir ÖØÃüÃû/Òƶ¯ Ò»¸öĿ¼ cp file1 file2 ¸´ÖÆÒ»¸öÎļþ
cp dir/* . ¸´ÖÆÒ»¸öĿ¼ÏµÄËùÓÐÎļþµ½µ±Ç°¹¤×÷Ŀ¼ cp -a /tmp/dir1 . ¸´ÖÆÒ»¸öĿ¼µ½µ±Ç°¹¤×÷Ŀ¼ cp -a dir1 dir2 ¸´ÖÆÒ»¸öĿ¼
ln -s file1 lnk1 ´´½¨Ò»¸öÖ¸ÏòÎļþ»òĿ¼µÄÈíÁ´½Ó ln file1 lnk1 ´´½¨Ò»¸öÖ¸ÏòÎļþ»òĿ¼µÄÎïÀíÁ´½Ó
touch -t 0712250000 file1 ÐÞ¸ÄÒ»¸öÎļþ»òĿ¼µÄʱ¼ä´Á - (YYMMDDhhmm) file file1 outputs the mime type of the file as text iconv -l ÁгöÒÑÖªµÄ±àÂë
iconv -f fromEncoding -t toEncoding inputFile > outputFile creates a new from the given input file by assuming it is encoded in fromEncoding and converting it to toEncoding.
find . -maxdepth 1 -name *.jpg -print -exec convert \
\thumbnails directory (requires convert from Imagemagick)
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find / -name file1 ´Ó '/' ¿ªÊ¼½øÈë¸ùÎļþϵͳËÑË÷ÎļþºÍĿ¼ find / -user user1 ËÑË÷ÊôÓÚÓû§ 'user1' µÄÎļþºÍĿ¼
find /home/user1 -name \\*.bin ÔÚĿ¼ '/ home/user1' ÖÐËÑË÷´øÓÐ'.bin' ½áβµÄÎÄ
¼þ
find /usr/bin -type f -atime +100 ËÑË÷ÔÚ¹ýÈ¥100ÌìÄÚδ±»Ê¹ÓùýµÄÖ´ÐÐÎļþ find /usr/bin -type f -mtime -10 ËÑË÷ÔÚ10ÌìÄÚ±»´´½¨»òÕßÐ޸ĹýµÄÎļþ
find / -name \\*.rpm -exec chmod 755 '{}' \\; ËÑË÷ÒÔ '.rpm' ½áβµÄÎļþ²¢¶¨ÒåÆäȨÏÞ
find / -xdev -name \\*.rpm ËÑË÷ÒÔ '.rpm' ½áβµÄÎļþ£¬ºöÂÔ¹âÇý¡¢½ÝÅ̵ȿÉÒƶ¯É豸 locate \\*.ps Ñ°ÕÒÒÔ '.ps' ½áβµÄÎļþ - ÏÈÔËÐÐ 'updatedb' ÃüÁî whereis halt ÏÔʾһ¸ö¶þ½øÖÆÎļþ¡¢Ô´Âë»òmanµÄλÖà which halt ÏÔʾһ¸ö¶þ½øÖÆÎļþ»ò¿ÉÖ´ÐÐÎļþµÄÍêÕû·¾¶
¹ÒÔØÒ»¸öÎļþϵͳ
mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2 ¹ÒÔØÒ»¸ö½Ð×öhda2µÄÅÌ - È·¶¨Ä¿Â¼ '/ mnt/hda2' ÒѾ´æÔÚ
umount /dev/hda2 жÔØÒ»¸ö½Ð×öhda2µÄÅÌ - ÏÈ´Ó¹ÒÔصã '/ mnt/hda2' Í˳ö fuser -km /mnt/hda2 µ±É豸·±Ã¦Ê±Ç¿ÖÆжÔØ
umount -n /mnt/hda2 ÔËÐÐжÔزÙ×÷¶ø²»Ð´Èë /etc/mtab Îļþ- µ±ÎļþΪֻ¶Á»òµ±´ÅÅÌдÂúʱ·Ç³£ÓÐÓÃ
mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy ¹ÒÔØÒ»¸öÈíÅÌ
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom ¹ÒÔØÒ»¸öcdrom»òdvdrom mount /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrecorder ¹ÒÔØÒ»¸öcdrw»òdvdrom mount /dev/hdb /mnt/cdrecorder ¹ÒÔØÒ»¸öcdrw»òdvdrom mount -o loop file.iso /mnt/cdrom ¹ÒÔØÒ»¸öÎļþ»òISO¾µÏñÎļþ
mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5 ¹ÒÔØÒ»¸öWindows FAT32Îļþϵͳ mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbdisk ¹ÒÔØÒ»¸öusb ½ÝÅÌ»òÉÁ´æÉ豸
mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass //WinClient/share /mnt/share ¹ÒÔØÒ»¸öwindowsÍøÂç¹²Ïí
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df -h ÏÔʾÒѾ¹ÒÔصķÖÇøÁбí
ls -lSr |more ÒԳߴç´óСÅÅÁÐÎļþºÍĿ¼
du -sh dir1 ¹ÀËãĿ¼ 'dir1' ÒѾʹÓõĴÅÅÌ¿Õ¼ä'
du -sk * | sort -rn ÒÔÈÝÁ¿´óСΪÒÀ¾ÝÒÀ´ÎÏÔʾÎļþºÍĿ¼µÄ´óС
rpm -q -a --qf '{SIZE}t%{NAME}n' | sort -k1,1n ÒÔ´óСΪÒÀ¾ÝÒÀ´ÎÏÔʾÒÑ°²×°µÄrpm°üËùʹÓõĿռä (fedora, redhatÀàϵͳ)
dpkg-query -W -f='${Installed-Size;10}t${Package}n' | sort -k1,1n ÒÔ´óСΪÒÀ¾ÝÏÔʾÒÑ°²×°µÄdeb°üËùʹÓõĿռä (ubuntu, debianÀàϵͳ)
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