缺乏运动 缺席 不存在
surround vt.环绕；围绕
(教材P6)Some respected theories on language acquisition believe that to attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language，you need to be surrounded by it.
一些备受尊崇的语言习得理论认为，要想达到高水平的外语流利程度和准确性，你得置身于该语言的环境中。
(1)surround sb./sth.with... be surrounded by/with... surround＋反身代词＋with... (2)surrounding adj. surroundings n. 使……包围某人/某物 被……包围/环绕 喜欢结交(某类人)； 喜欢身边总有(某类东西) 周围的，附近的 周围的事物；环境；气氛 ①Some European countries are surrounded with/by dangers.一些欧洲国家现在危机四伏。
②Surrounded (surround)by high mountains，the little village is hard to reach. 由于被高山所环抱，这个小村庄很难到达。
③Animals in zoos are not in their natural surroundings (surround)． 动物园中的动物没有在它们的自然环境中。 [语境助记]
Once upon a time, a king who was polite to surrounding countries lived in a castle surrounded by a large forest and having wonderful surroundings.
从前，在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一个国王，他对邻邦十分友好。 rely on依赖；依靠
(教材P6)Therefore，most of us have to rely on what we can learn at school as part of the school curriculum.
所以大部分人还是得靠学校的语言课程来学习外语。 rely on/upon sb.to do sth. rely on/upon sb.doing sth. rely on/upon sb./sth.for sth. 指望某人做某事 相信某人会做某事 依靠某人或某物以获得…… rely on/upon it that... 相信……(事情)；指望…… ①We have to rely on him to make the design. 我们不得不仰仗着他来进行这项设计。
②As babies，we rely entirely on others for food. 在婴儿期，我们完全依赖别人喂食。
③You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。
make sure确保；确定；务必；查明；弄清楚
(教材P6)What this means is that they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the students through various mediums.
这就意味着，他们要确保通过多种方式给学生足够的英语输入量。 be sure of/about be sure to do sth. for sure sure enough 对……有把握；确信 务必做某事 确切地；毫无疑问 果然；果真 ①Be sure not to touch anything in the lab. 千万别摸实验室里的任何东西。
②He phoned his secretary to make sure of the time and place for the conference. 他打电话给他的秘书，以确定会议的时间和地点。 ③I can't say for sure when he'll be here. 我说不准他什么时候来这儿。 [名师点津]
make sure一般不接不定式作宾语，后接名词时需加介词of/about；后接从句时，常用一般现在时表示将来。
ensure vt.确保；保证；保护
(教材P6)Quality input ensures quality output，whether it is speaking or writing. 不管是说还是写，高质量的输入确保高质量的输出。 ensure sb.sth. ensure sb.from/against sth. 保证/确保某人(得到)某物 确保某人免受某物的伤害 ensure that从句＝make sure that从句 ①This pill will ensure you a good night's sleep. 这种药一定会确保你晚上睡个好觉。
②We'd better lock the door to ensure us against/from interruption. 我们最好把门锁上免受打搅。
③We can ensure that the work shall be done in the right way. 我们可以保证把工作做好。
guarantee v．保证；担保；保修 n．保证；保证书
(教材P6)Knowing the main stories before reading will guarantee greater comprehension when reading in English.
读前能了解主要新闻内容会确保用英语阅读时更透彻地理解所读新闻。 (1)guarantee sb.sth.(＝ensure sb.sth.) guarantee to do sth. guarantee that... guarantee sth.for some time (2)give sb.a guarantee that... under guarantee ①Is your TV under guarantee? 你的电视在保修期内吗？
②I guarantee to be(be) here tomorrow.Trust me! 我保证明天来这里。相信我！
③I guarantee that you'll enjoy yourself. 我保证你玩得痛快。 [语境助记]
保证某人得到某物 保证做某事 确保…… 对……保修多久 向某人保证…… 在保修期内 The TV is guaranteed for a year.That is to say，it has a year's guarantee，so it is still under guarantee.
这台电视保修一年。也就是说，它有一年的保修期，因此它仍在保修期内。 adjust v．调整；调节；适应；习惯
(教材P6)Watching a favourite DVD，but adjusting the language to English in parts you know well.
观看你最喜欢的一张光盘，但要把你熟悉部分的语言调换成英语。 (1)adjust sth. to sth. adjust to (doing) sth. adjust oneself to sth. (2)adjustment n. 调整……以适应…… 适应/习惯(做)某事 使自己适应某物 调整；调节 make an adjustment/adjustments to sth. 对某物进行调整 ①As a teacher，I must adjust my speech to the age of my students. 作为教师，我必须使我的演讲适合于学生的年龄。 ②She must learn to adjust herself to English life. 她必须学会适应英国的生活。
③Some schools will have to make adjustments(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
一些学校将不得不根据国家足球改革做出调整。
inform v．通知；告知
(教材P6)Inform a friend of your targets so they can help motivate you as well. 将你的目标告知一个朋友，以使他也能够激励你。 (1)inform sb.of sth. inform sb.that... (2)informed adj. keep sb.informed of sth. (3)information n. 通知某人某事 告知某人…… 了解情况的；消息灵通的；有学问的 使某人知道某事；随时报告某人某事 信息(不可数) ①I wasn't informed of the decision until too late. 等到我得知这项决定时，已经太迟了。
②We will keep you informed (inform) of any developments. 有任何动态我们都会随时通知你。
③He informed her that he was thinking of entering medical school. 他告诉她他想进医学院。
(教材P6)There's no point reading the news in English if you've already watched it in your own language.
如果你已看过母语的新闻，再读英语的这则新闻就没有意义了。
【要点提炼】 There is no point (in) doing sth.“做某事没有意义”。 There is no sense in doing sth. 做某事没有道理或意义 There is no question of doing sth. 做某事是没问题的 There is no need to do sth. There is no possibility that... 做某事没有必要 ……是不可能的