spread over 持续，延续
nearly a century 大约(将近、几乎)一个世纪 whereas：然而，但是。
a developing nation 一个发展中国家 undergo 经历
in a decade or so 在10年左右的时间 参考译文：
在早期实现工业化的欧洲国家里，其工业化进程——以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革——持续了大约一个世纪（之久），而如今一个发展中国家在10年左右（的时间内）就可以完成（同样的/这个）过程。 得分重点：
状语从句，被动结构，插入结构，定语从句
75)Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. 结构分析：
75) 主句Additional social stresses // may also occur // 原因状语because of // the population explosion // or 多重定语problems / arising from / mass migration movements // – 独立主格结构 反身代词themselves // 多重定语made relatively easy // nowadays // by modern means of transport. 词义推敲：
additional social stresses 新的/额外的社会压力 stress：压力
occur：to take place; come about 发生；使发生 population explosion 人口猛增，人口爆炸 arising from 由??引起，产生于，来自于 mass migration movements 大量人口流动 migration 流动，迁移
migration movements 人口流动
themselves：指代“mass migration movements”（人口流动本身） modern means of transport 现代交通工具
参考译文：
由于人口猛增或大量人口流动——现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易——（所引起的各种问题也/造成的种种问题也）（会对社会造成新的压力/可能产生新的社会压力）。
得分重点：
同位语结构，多重定语
8、2001年
Directions:
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)
In less than 30 year's time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain's nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.
(71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. (72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.
According to BT's futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium(a period of 1，000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.
(73)Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.
Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer human links. \linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,\(74)But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.\Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids.
(75)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder--kitchen rage.
精美译文：
再过不到30年“星球旅行”太空平台将成为现实。大脑神经系统与计算机的直接连接也将创造出完全传感的实际环境，使得实际的度假和电影“全面回顾”中的度假一模一样。
（71）届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标（违规），监控器就会使其停驶。（72）儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视前休闲，这时数字时代就来到了。
根据英国电讯公司的未来学家伊恩·皮尔逊的看法，上述种种科研成就均属新千年的最初几十年内的开发项目之列，届时超级计算机将大大加快人类生活各个领域里的进步。
（73）皮尔逊汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历，它列出了人们有望看到达数百项重大突破和发现的最晚日期。一些最重大的开发将会发生在医学中，其中包括延长人的估计寿命和从现在到2040年间将投入使用的几十种人造器官。
皮尔逊逊预言了电脑与人各种连接的突破。通过直接与我们的神经系统相连接，电脑能够了解到我们的感情并且有望激发我们的情感，这样我们就能着手开发完全传感的环境，更类似于电影“全面回顾”或“星球旅行”太空平台中的度假。（74）但皮尔逊指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始:“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。”
经过研究，皮尔迩确定可以预测到的大多数突破的日期。然而，仍然不能预报快于光速的旅行何时到来，或何时将完成克隆人，或何时可以实现遨游过去或将来的时间旅行。但皮尔逊确实预料到技术进步所引起的社会问题。例如，邻里电子监控摄像机的飞速推广将在2010年引起许多社会问题，而栩栩如生的人造机器人的问世将意味着人们可能无法把他们的真人朋友和这类机器人区别开来。（75）家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病———厨房狂躁。
题目解析：
71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 结构分析：
71) 主句There // will be // 并列结构1 television chat shows / 后置定语hosted by robots, // 并列结构2 and cars / 后置定语 with pollution monitors // 定语从句that // will disable // them // 时间（条件）状语从句when // they // offend. 词义推敲：
there will be 将来会有，到时会有
television chat shows hosted by robots 由机器人主持的电视谈话/聊天节目. chat shows：访谈节目
host：to act as host at (an event) or to (a person) 主持、主办（活动）；招待 cars with pollution monitors 装有污染监控器的汽车 that will disable them：监控器就会使其（汽车）停驶
disable them 使汽车失灵/停止运行/无法前进/不能开动/瘫痪/将阻止汽车开动 offend (汽车)污染超标/违规 参考译文：
届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标（违规），监控器就会使其停驶。 得分重点：
并列结构，定语从句，时间状语从句
72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived. 结构分析：
72) 并列结构1 Children // will play with // dolls / 后置定语equipped with / personality chips, // 并列结构2 computers / 后置定语with in-built personalities // 被动结构will be regarded并列结构11as // workmates // 并列结构22 rather than 省略结构（as）tools, // 并列结构3 relaxation // will be // in front of / smell-television, // 并列结构4 and // digital age // will have arrived. 词义推敲：
doll：洋娃娃，玩具娃娃 equip with：装备
personality chip：个性芯片 personality：distinctive qualities of a person, especially those distinguishing personal characteristics that make one socially appealing 人品个人独特的品质，特别是那些有区别性的、使某人具有社交魅力的个人性格
chip：an integrated circuit 集成电路
computers with in-built personalities 个性内置的计算机 be regarded as 被当作 workmate 同事
rather than 而不是
smell television 气味电视机 digital age 数字（化）时代 参考译文：
孩子们将会与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍/装有集成电路块的有个人性格的玩偶玩，具有内置个性的计算机/内部装有人格化芯片的电脑将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将会在气味电视机前休闲/放松/休息/消遣/娱乐，届时数字化时代就来到了。 得分重点：
并列结构，被动结构，省略结构，比较结构rather than
73)Pearson has pieced together to work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. 结构分析：
73) 主句Pearson // has pieced together // 多重定语the work of / hundreds of / researchers / around the world, // 结果状语to produce // 多重定语a unique millennium technology calendar // 定语从句that // gives // the latest dates // 定语从句when // we // can expect // hundreds of / key breakthroughs and discoveries // to take place. 词义推敲：
Pearson 皮尔森(音译)
pieced together 汇集；综合
the work of / hundreds of / researchers / around the world：多重后置定语——后浪推前浪，可以翻译为：（世界各地/全世界/来自全世界）数百位研究人员的成果
to produce （结果）编制（出了）
a unique millennium technology calendar 一个独特的技术千年历 the latest dates 最迟的日期 latest：最新的
when：by which，到这些日期
key breakthroughs 重大突破，关键性突破 key：重要的，关键的
breakthrough：突破，成就 参考译文：
皮尔森（汇集/收集/综合/拼集）（世界各地/全世界/来自全世界）数百位研究人员的成果，（结果）编制了一个（独特/独一无二/唯一）的（技术千年历/千年技术日历），它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的（最迟/最近）日期。
得分重点：
定语从句，多重定语结构
74)But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.\结构分析：
74) 状语结构But // 主语that, // 插入结构Pearson // points out, // 谓语is only // 多重定语the start of / man-machine integration: // 直接引语 “引语的主句It // will be // 多重定语the beginning of / the long process of / integration // 定语从句that // will ultimately lead to // a fully electronic human // 时间状语before // the end of / the next century.” 词义推敲：
that指代上文a breakthrough 突破，
the start of man-machine integration 人机一体化的开始 ＝ computer-human links integrate：结合，一体化
the beginning of the long process of integration：多重后置定语——后浪推前浪，可以翻译为：人机一体化漫长之路的第一步 / 长期的综合过程的开始 / 漫长的集成历程的开始 / 整体化长久过程的开端
ultimately：最终
lead to 引起出现，导致产生
a fully electronic human 完全电子化的仿真人，完全的电子人 before the end of the next century 在下世纪末之前 参考译文：
但是皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是（人机一体化/人机综合/人机集成/人和机器结合/人和机器结合为一体/人机集成技术）的（一个）（开始/起点/开端）：“它（将是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步/将成为长期的综合过程的开始/将成为漫长的集成历程的开始/将成为整体化长久过程的开端），（最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人/人机一体化将在下个世纪末之前导致完完全全的电子人地出现）。” 得分重点：
插入结构，定语从句
75)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder--kitchen rage. 结构分析：
75) 主句And // home appliances // will also become // so smart / 状语从句that // controlling and operating them // will result in // 多重定语the breakout of / a new psychological disorder / - kitchen rage.
词义推敲：
home appliances 家用电器 smart 聪明，智能化
them：指代home appliances，译作“它们”。 result in：导致，出现