英语语法之定语从句

一、概念理解

1. 用来修饰一个词或一部分或者一句话的句子，就

是定语从句。

2. 定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面，通常有关系词连接紧跟其后， 3. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，

有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why 4. 关系词常有三个作用：

1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 The boys are from Class One.

They are playing football. (整句话修饰前面的boys, they在从句中做主语)

→The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person.

You talked about him. (整句话修饰前面的person，him在句中做宾语)

→Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用

who代替，可省略。 (2) The man is my friend.

You met him just now.（整句话修饰前面的man，him在从句中做宾语）

→The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1) This is the pen. It cost me 10 yuan. ( 整句话修

饰前面的pen，it在句中做主语)

→This is the pen which cost me 10 yuan. (2) This is the pen. I bought it yesterday. →This is the pen (which) I bought yesterday. ( which 做宾语，可省略)

4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。 在宾语从句中可做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (句中做主语)

(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (句中做宾语)

5. whose通常指人，也可指物，表示“。。。的”之意，在从句中做定语

(1) He has a friend. His (friend’s) father is a doctor.

英语语法之定语从句

→He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house. Its roof has fallen in. →I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon

be repaired.

=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

(4)Do you like the book whose color is red?

=Do you like the book the color of which is red? that 用法

1、不用that的情况

(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。

(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous .

→The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous.

(b) 介词后不能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 2、只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 (a) 在there be 句型中。

There is a man that wants to see you.

(b) 不定代词(anything, nothing, the one, all等)作先

行词时

There is nothing that you can do.

(c) 先行词有the only, the very, the same, the last, just修饰时

He is the last person that was save in the accident. (d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时 He is the tallest man that I have ever seen.. (e) 先行词既有人，又有物时

They are talking about the people and the things that they remember.

(f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时． She is no longer the girl that she used to be. (g) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时 Which is the book that you lent to her?

Who that break the window should be punished．

英语语法之定语从句

三、关系副词引导定语从句

关系副词 ：在句中作状语

关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which

where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ ... which

1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 (1) Shanghai is the city. I was born in Shanghai.

Shanghai is the city where I was born. → Shanghai is the city in which I was born. (2) The house has been pulled down.

I lived in it(there) ten years ago.

The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

→ The house in which I lived ten years ago has been

pulled down.

→ The house which I lived in ten years ago has been

pulled down.

2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语

I still remember the day.

I first came to this school on that day(then). → I still remember the day when I first came to

this school.

→ I still remember the day on which I first came to

this school.

[注]表示时间“time\一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。

By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.

I still remember the first time I met her. 3. why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语 Please tell me the reason.

You missed the plane for that reason\\ because … → Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. → Please tell me the reason for which you missed

the plane.

注：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。

2）that前不能有介词。

3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的

\介词+关系词\结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。

改写下列句子

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

This is the reason why he came late.

英语语法之定语从句

一、把下列句子合并成定语从句

1. I like the book. You bought it yesterday.

2. This is the shirt. I like it best.

3. Do you know the man? He is talking with our teacher.

4. I can’t find the ruler. I put it on the desk just now.

5. He is the teacher. We met him yesterday.

6. She is the woman. Her name is Angel.

7. I don’t like the house. Its windows are too small.

8. You haven’t returned the pen.You borrowed it last week.

9. I met an old man yesterday. He lost his way.

10. The students are all here today. They are from China.

11. The boys are my friends. They are playing basketball.

12. Where is the man from? I talked with him just now.

13. I like the bike. Its color is blue.

14. The present costs a lot. My mother bought it for me.

15. The car is mine. It is made in the U.S.

二、把下列定语从句拆成2个简单句。

1. Do you know the man who I talked with just now?

2. I can’t find the book which I bought yesterday.

3. I like the flower whose color is red.

4. She hasn’t found the pen which she likes best.

5. The man whose name is Peter is my English teacher.

6. Is the model ship which is red made by you?