非谓语动词用法归纳 主动 被动 1. doing 用在要求动词后；进行；伴随；性2. being done正在进行的被动 质；特点；概括；抽象；一般 4. having been done用于句首；要求动词3. having done 有先后动作表完成(一般用后（有过去时间或过去动作） 在句首) 5. to do 用在要求动词后；目的；将来；6. to be done将来的被动 具体 8. to have been done用在要求动词后（有7. to have done 在要求动词后表完成的动过去时间或过去动作） 作(一般用在句中) 9. done 被动；完成（一般或普遍时间） 一、表格的用法 1. doing 的用法

（1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认 admit 承认advocate提倡/主张consider 考虑 can't help不禁 can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白 dislike不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得 delay延迟 deny否认 dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶 enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅 fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌 imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许 postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止 resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受

worth值得

You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行

Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.

The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动

The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom.

= The man who spoke English is Tom.

Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随

I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点

The film is very moving.

She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her.

（6）概括性,一般性

Climbing mountain is very interesting.

Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概括性,一般性)

Our work is serving the people．

（7）动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词。例如： Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去。 He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。 2. being done表示正在进行的被动

The boy being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom. = The boy who is being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom.

Being criticized by Mr. Chen, the boy felt sad. = When the boy was being criticized by Mr. Chen, he felt sad.

The building being built will be the tallest one in this city.

= The building that is being built will be the tallest one in this city. 3. having done 有先后动作表完成(一般用在句首)

Having finished the class, I went home. = After I had finished the class, I went home.

Having done the work, I had a short rest. = After I had done the work, I had a short rest.