¿³Ì¿¼ÑУ¬ÎªÑ§Ô±·þÎñ£¬ÎªÑ§ÉúÒý·£¡
2018¿¼ÑÐÓ¢ÓÔĶÁ¾¼ÃѧÈËÎÄÕ£¨Ò»£©
German politics µÂ¹úÕþÖÎ
Gone boy on the right ÏûʧµÄ¼«ÓÒÁìÐä
How an anti-foreigner, anti-establishment group ischanging German politics Ò»¸ö·´ÒÆÃñ¡¢·´ÒÁ˹À¼»¯×éÖ¯ÈçºÎ¸Ä±äµÂ¹úÕþÖÎ Bachmann: only joking, honest °ÍºÕÂü£ºÕæµÄÖ»ÊÇÍæÐ¦°ÕÁË
THE march on January 19th in Dresden by Pegida, or ¡°Patriotic Europeans against theIslamisation of the Occident¡±, would have been its 13th. But it was cancelled because the policehad ¡°concrete¡± information of plans to assassinate its organiser, Lutz Bachmann. On January21st Mr Bachmann was exposed in German tabloids for posing as Hitler on his Facebook page.He called it a joke, but later resigned his position. Pegida plans to resume its marches nextweek.
1ÔÂ19ÈÕ£¬ÔÚµÂÀÛ˹¶Ù±¬·¢ÁËÒ»³¡ÓÉPegida(»òÕß³Æ×÷¡°°®¹úÅ·ÖÞÈË·´¶ÔÎ÷·½µÄÒÁ˹À¼»¯¡±)·¢ÆðµÄÓÎÐС£±¾À´Õâ´ÎÓÎÐÐÓ¦¸ÃÔÚ13ºÅ¾ÙÐУ¬µ«ÊÇÓÉÓÚ¾¯·½»ñÖªÁË´Ìɱ¸ÃÔ˶¯ÁìÐ䬴İͺÕÂüÐж¯µÄ¡°Ïêϸ¡±ÐÅÏ¢¶ø±»È¡Ïû¡£1ÔÂ21ÈÕ£¬°ÍºÕÂüÒòΪÔÚ¡°Á³Ê顱(Facebook)ÉÏ´«ÆäÄ£·ÂÏ£ÌØÀÕµÄÕÕÆ¬¶ø±»µÂ¹úС±¨ÕùÏ౨µÀ¡£ËûÉù³ÆÕâÖ»ÊÇÒ»¸öÍæÐ¦£¬µ«ÊÇËæºóËûÐû²¼´ÇÖ°¡£Pegida¼Æ»®ÏÂÖָܻ´ÓÎÐС£
Among its followers, despite Mr Bachmann's antics, neo-Nazis are a small minority. The typicalmarcher is a middle-aged, middle-class Saxon man who, says Hans Vorl?nder at the TechnicalUniversity of Dresden, is alienated from politics and the liberal media, and yearns for ahomogenous fatherland. The marches may have ¡°passed the peak¡±, adds Dieter Rucht at theBerlin Social Science Centre. Yet there will be political fallout. Nine-tenths of Pegida supportersback the Alternative for Germany (AfD), founded only in 2013 and represented in three easternstate parliaments.
ÔÚ¸ÃÔ˶¯ÖÚ¶àµÄ×·ËæÕßÖУ¬³ýÁ˰ͺÕÂüÕâÖÖ»¬»üÐÐΪµÄÈË£¬ÐÂÄÉ´âÈÔÊÇÉÙÊý¡£¾ÝÀ´×Ե¶ûµÂÀÛ˹¶Ù¼¼Êõ´óѧµÄººË¹?¸£¶ûÀ¼µÂ¶û½²£¬ÆäÖÐÓÐһλµÄÓÎÐÐʾÍþÕßÊǽÏΪµäÐÍ£¬ËûÊÇÒ»¸öÀ´×ÔÓÚÈø¿ËÉÖݵÄÖÐÄêÖвú½×¼¶ÄÐÐÔ£¬Ëû¶ÔÕþÖκÍ×ÔÓÉýÌåÄ®²»¹ØÐÄ£¬È´ºô»½Ò»¸öͬÎÄͬÖֵĸ¸¹ú¡£°ØÁÖÉç»á¿ÆÑ§Ñо¿ÖÐÐĵÄDieter Rucht˵µ½£¬ÕâÖ§ÓÎÐжÓÎé¿ÉÄÜÒѾ¡°Ô½¹ýµ×Ïß¡±¡£Ò²Ðí»á´øÀ´Ä³Ð©ÕþÖκó¹û¡£ PegidaÔ˶¯ÖÐÓÐÊ®·ÖÖ®¾ÅµÄÖ§³ÖÕßÓµ»¤µÂ¹úÐÂÑ¡Ïîµ³(AfD)£¬¸Ãµ³ÓÚ2013Äê¸Õ¸Õ³ÉÁ¢£¬ÏíÓж«²¿Èý¸öÖݵÄÒé»áϯλ¡£
µÚ 1 Ò³ ¹² 1 Ò³
¿³Ì¿¼ÑУ¬ÎªÑ§Ô±·þÎñ£¬ÎªÑ§ÉúÒý·£¡
The AfD began with an anti-euro message. Some leaders, such as Hans- Olaf Henkel, fromHamburg, want to keep it that way. But, especially in the east, the party has used populistinnuendo against asylum-seekers, immigrants and homosexuals. Party elders like AlexanderGauland, in Brandenburg, openly flirt with Pegida. This is straining the AfD, which has threeleaders. Bernd Lucke, an economics professor, favours an anti-euro message; Frauke Petry, abusinesswoman from Saxony, and Konrad Adam, a former journalist, sympathise with Pegida.Mr Lucke wants to lead alone, but Ms Petry and Mr Adam have resisted him. In a compromise,Mr Lucke will take over as boss only next December. µÂ¹úÐÂÑ¡Ïîµ³µÄÐËÆðÔµÓÚ¶ÔÅ·ÔªµÄ·´¶Ô¡£Ò»Ð©Áìµ¼ÈË£¬°üÀ¨À´×Ôºº±¤µÄººË¹°ÂÀ·òºº¸ßÏ£Íû¼ÌÐøÊ¹ÓÃÅ·Ôª¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÓÈÆäÔڵ¹ú¶«²¿µØÇø£¬¸Ãµ³ÀûÓÃÃñ´âÖ÷ÒåÓ°ÉäÕþÖαÜÄÑÕß¡¢ÒÆÃñÒÔ¼°Í¬ÐÔÁµÈºÌå¡£¸Ãµ³µÄǰ±²¡ª¡ª²ªÀ¼µÇ±¤µÄAlexander Gauland¹«È»ºÍPegida¡°Ðã¶÷°®¡±¡£ÕâʹµÃÐÂÑ¡Ïîµ³ÄÚ²¿¸ü¼Ó½ôÕÅ¡£¸Ãµ³ÓÐÈý¸öÁìµ¼£¬¾¼Ãѧ½ÌÊÚBernd Lucke·´¶ÔʹÓÃÅ·Ôª£¬À´×ÔÈø¿ËÉÖݵÄÉÌÈËFrauke PetryÒÔ¼°Ö®Ç°ÊǼÇÕßͬÑùÖ§³ÖPegidaµÄKonradAdam¡£LuckeÏ£ÍûÄܹ»¶À×ÔÁìµ¼ÐÂÑ¡Ïîµ³£¬µ«ÊÇÒ»Ö±Êܵ½PetryºÍAdamµÄÇ£ÖÆ¡£ÕÛÖÐÖ®ºó£¬Bernd LuckeÖ»ÄÜÓÚÃ÷Äê12Ô·ݽÓÈÎÁìÐäÒ»Ö°¡£
German democracy is responding without hysteria. Marchers against Pegida have recently faroutnumbered those for it. The centre-left Social Democrats and Greens refuse to debate withPegida, and Chancellor Angela Merkel, leader of the centre-right Christian Democrats, hascondemned it. Others are open to dialogue. One Christian Democrat, Jens Spahn, even joineda televised debate with Kathrin Oertel, one of Pegida's organisers.
µÂ¹úµÄÃñÖ÷ÖÆ¶È¶ÔÓÚÕâ¼þÊÂÇéµÄ»ØÓ¦Ê®·Ö¿ËÖÆ¡£Èç½ñ·´¶ÔPegidaµÄÓÎÐÐÊýÁ¿ÒѾԶԶ³¬³öÖ§³ÖÕßµÄÓÎÐС£ÖÐ×óµÄÉç»áÃñÖ÷µ³ºÍÂ̵³¾Ü¾øÓëPegida¶Ô»°£¬¶øÖÐÓÒÅÉ»ù¶½½ÌÃñÖ÷µ³ÁìÐ䡪¡ª×ÜÀíĬ¿Ë¶ûÈ´Ç´Ôð¸ÃÔ˶¯¡£ÆäËûÈËÔò±£³Ö¿ª·ÅµÄ̬¶È¡£Jens Spahn£¬Õâλ»ù¶½½ÌÃñÖ÷µ³ÈËÊ¿ÉõÖÁ²Î¼ÓÁËÒ»¸öÓëPegida×éÖ¯ÕßÖ®Ò»¡ªKathrinOertel¶Ô»°µÄµçÊÓÀ¸Ä¿¡£
That was a big step for a group that had previously refused to talk to the media. Its marcherschant ¡°L¨¹genpresse¡± (¡°lying press¡±), a term once used by the Nazis. Yet on the very day of thecancelled march, Pegida held its first-ever press conference. In the public glare, its leaderstone down their language. When confronted, their counter-arguments seem weak. Asked whySaxons should worry about Islam when only 1% of Saxony's population is Muslim, Ms Oertelsaid some Germans march for the rainforest though Germany has none. Õâ¸ö¾Ù¶¯ÎªÄÇЩ¾Ü¾øÔÚýÌåÉÏ·¢±í¹ÛµãµÄµ³ÅÉÂõ³öÁËÒ»´ó²½¡£ÆäÓÎÐÐÕ߸ߺôÔø¾ÎªÄÉ´âʹÓùýµÄ¡°L¨¹genpresse¡±(¡°´ó»°ÐÂÎÅ¡±)¡£È»¶ø£¬¾ÍÔÚÈ¡ÏûÓÎÐеÄÄÇÒ»Ì죬Pegida¾ÙÐÐÁËÊ×´ÎÐÂÎÅ·¢²¼»á¡£ÍòÖÚÖõĿϣ¬ËûÃǵÄÁìµ¼È˹ÊÒâÈÃ×Ô¼ºµÄÓïÆø»ººÍ¡£µ«ÔÚÃæ¶ÔÖÊÒÉʱ£¬ËûÃǵķ´²µÓÖÏÔµÃÎÞÁ¦¡£µ±±»Îʼ°ËûÃÇΪʲôҪÔÚÈø¿ËÉÖݽöÓÐ1%µÄÈË¿ÚÊÇÄÂ˹ÁÖµÄÇé¿öÒªµ£ÐÄÒÁ˹À¼½Ìʱ£¬Oertel˵¾¡¹ÜµÂ¹úûÓÐÈÈ´øÓêÁÖ£¬µ«ÈÔÓе¹úÈËΪ±£»¤ÈÈ´øÓêÁÖ¶øÓÎÐС£ The gradual conflation of the AfD and Pegida is a new and worrying phenomenon. There mustnever be a legitimate party to the right of the CSU, the Christian Democrats' Bavarian sisterparty, said Franz Josef Strauss, a longtime leader of Bavaria, with Germany's Nazi past in mind.Such a party has now arrived, and could enter the Bundestag in 2018.
µÂ¹úÐÂÑ¡Ïîµ³ºÍPegidaÈÕÒæÒªºÃ×ÅʵÊÇÒ»¸öÁîÈ˵£ÓǵÄÐÂÎÊÌâ¡£°Í·¥ÀûÑÇÖݵij¤ÆÚÁìµ¼ÕßFranz JosefStrauss¶ÔÄÉ´âʼÖÕ¹¢¹¢ÓÚ»³£¬ËûÈÏΪ£¬»ùÉçÃË×÷Ϊ°Í·¥ÀûÑǵÄÖ´Õþµ³£¬¾ø²»»áÔÙÓеڶþ¸öÕþµ³È¡µÃÏñ»ùÉçÃ˽ãÃõ³¡ª»ù¶½½ÌÃñÖ÷µ³µÄµØÎ»£¬ÓÈÆä¸Ãµ³»¹ÓÐÄÉ´âÇãÏò¡£µ«ÊÇËûµ£ÐĵÄÊÂÇéËÆºõÒѾµ½À´£¬ÐÂÑ¡Ïîµ³ÓпÉÄÜÔÚ2018Äê½øÈëÁª°îÒéÔº¡£
µÚ 2 Ò³ ¹² 2 Ò³
¿³Ì¿¼ÑУ¬ÎªÑ§Ô±·þÎñ£¬ÎªÑ§ÉúÒý·£¡
1.plan to ´òËã;¼Æ»®
Àý¾ä:Both chambers plan to vote on that policybefore January 15th. Á½Ôº¶¼´òËãÔÚ1ÔÂ15ÈÕǰ¶ÔÄÇÒ»Õþ²ß½øÐÐͶƱ±í¾ö¡£ 2.alienate from ʹÊèÔ¶;ʹÍÑÀë
Àý¾ä:I hope nothing will ever alienate his brothers from him. ÎÒÏ£ÍûûÓÐʲôÊ»áʹËûµÄÐÖµÜÃÇÓëËû²»ºÍ¡£ 3.begin with ÒÔ?¿ªÊ¼£¬´Ó?¿ªÊ¼
Àý¾ä:It was great to begin with but now it's difficult. Ò»¿ªÊ¼·Ç³£ºÃ£¬µ«ÏÖÔڿɾÍÄÑÁË¡£ 4.want to ÏëÈ¥;ÏëÒª
Àý¾ä:The difference between who you are and who you want to be is what you do. ÄãÊÇʲôÑùµÄÈ˺ÍÄãÏë³ÉΪʲôÑùµÄÖ®¼äµÄ²î¾à¾ÍÊÇ£¬Äã×öÁËʲô¡£
2018Ä꿼Ñи´Ï°¼´½«½øÈëÊîÆÚÇ¿»¯½×¶Î£¬Ï£Íû¿¼ÉúÄܹ»×¥×¡¼ÙÆÚ£¬¸ßЧ±¸¿¼¡£ ¿³Ì½ÌÓý£º
¿³Ì¿¼ÑгÉÁ¢ÓÚ2005Ä꣬¹úÄÚÊ×¼ÒÈ«ÈÕÖÆ¼¯Ñµ»ú¹¹¿¼ÑУ¬Ò»Ö±´Óʸ߶ËÈ«ÈÕÖÆ¸¨µ¼£¬ÓÉÀÑó½ÌÊÚ¡¢ÕÅöνÌÊÚ¡¢Â¬Óª½ÌÊÚ¡¢ÍõÑó½ÌÊÚ¡¢ÑîÎä½ð½ÌÊÚ¡¢ÕÅÊÍÈ»½ÌÊÚ¡¢Ë÷ÓñÖù½ÌÊÚ¡¢·½ºÆ½ÌÊÚµÈÒ»Åú¸ß¼¶¿¼ÑнÌÑжÓÎé×é³É£¬ÎªÑ§Ô±È«³Ì¸ßÖÊÁ¿ÊڿΡ¢´ðÒÉ¡¢²âÊÔ¡¢¶½µ¼¡¢±¨¿¼Ö¸µ¼¡¢·½·¨Ö¸µ¼¡¢ÁªÏµµ¼Ê¦¡¢¸´ÊÔµÈÈ«·½Î»µÄ¿¼ÑзþÎñ¡£ ¿³Ì¿¼ÑеÄ×ÚÖ¼£ºÈÃѧϰ³ÉΪһÖÖϰ¹ß£»
¿³Ì¿¼ÑеļÛÖµ¹Û¿ÚºÅ£º¿Ðý¹éÀ´£¬Ç°³ÌÍòÀ ÐÅÄÈÃÿ¸öѧԱ¶¼ÓкÃ×îºÃµÄ¹éËÞ£»
ʹÃü£ºÍêÉÆÈ«ÐµĽÌÓýģʽ£¬×öÖйú×îרҵµÄ¿¼Ñи¨µ¼»ú¹¹£» ¼¤Ç飺ÓÀ²»ÑÔÆú£¬ÀÖ¹ÛÏòÉÏ£»
¾´Òµ£ºÒÔרҵµÄ̬¶È×ö·Ç·²µÄÊÂÒµ£»
·þÎñ£ºÒÔѧԱµÄǰ;ΪÒÑÈΣ¬ÎªÑ§Ô±Ìṩ¸ßЧ¡¢×¨ÒµµÄ·þÎñ£¬ÍŶӺÏ×÷£¬ÎªÑ§Ô±·þÎñ£¬ÎªÑ§Ô±Òý·¡£
ÈçºÎÑ¡Ôñ¿¼Ñи¨µ¼°à£º
ÔÚ¿¼ÑÐ×¼±¸µÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬»áÓöµ½²»ÉÙÀ§ÄÑ£¬ÓÈÆä¶ÔÓÚ¿çרҵ¿¼ÉúµÄרҵ¿ÎÀ´Ëµ£¬Í¨¹ý±¨¸¨µ¼°àÀ´ÃÖ²¹×Ô¼º¸´Ï°µÄ²»×㣬¿ÉÒÔ´ó´óÌá¸ß¸´Ï°Ð§ÂÊ£¬½ÚÊ¡¸´Ï°Ê±¼ä£¬´ó¼Ò¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÒÔϼ¸¸ö·½ÃæÀ´¿¼²ì¸¨µ¼°à£¬»òÐíÄܰïÄãÕÒµ½ÊʺÏÄãµÄ¸¨µ¼°à¡£
ʦ×ÊÁ¦Á¿£ºÊ¦×ÊÁ¦Á¿ÊÇ¿¼²ì¸¨µ¼°àµÄÊ×ÒªÒòËØ£¬¿¼Éú¿ÉÒÔÕë¶Ô¸¨µ¼ÃûʦµÄ¸¨µ¼ÄêÏÞ¡¢¸¨µ¼¾Ñé¡¢ÀúÄ긨µ¼Ð§¹û¡¢Ñ§Ô±ÆÀ¼ÛµÈÒòËØ½øÐÐ×ÛºÏÆÀ¼Û£¬Ñ¯ÎÊÍù½ìѧ³¤È»ºóÑ¡Ôñ¡£ÅжÏʦ×ÊÁ¦Á¿¹Ø¼üÔÚÓÚ×ÛºÏʵÁ¦£¬ÒòΪÈκÎÒ»Ãſγ̣¬¶¼²»ÊÇÓÉÒ»¡¢Á½¸ö½Ìʦ°üµ½µ×µÄ£¬ÊÇÒ»Åú½ÌʦÅäºÏµÄ½á¹û¡£»¹ÒªÉîÈëÁ˽â½ÌʦµÄѧÊõ±³¾°¡¢×ÊÁÏÖøÊö³É¾Í¡¢¸¨µ¼³É¾ÍµÈ¡£¿³Ì¿¼ÑÐÃûÊ¦ÔÆ¼¯£¬ÀÑó¡¢ÕÅöνÌÊÚ¡¢·½ºÆ½ÌÊÚ¡¢Â¬Óª½ÌÊÚ¡¢ËïºÆ½ÌÊÚµÈÒ»´óÅúÃûʦÔÚ¿³ÌÊڿΡ£¶øÓеĻú¹¹Ö»ÊÇºÜÆÕͨµÄÀÏʦÊڿΣ¬¶Ô֪ʶµã°ÑÎÕºÍÃüÌâ·½Ïò£¬Ç·È±»ðºò¡£
µÚ 3 Ò³ ¹² 3 Ò³