Text 2
Ⅰ. 1. D Ⅱ. 1. T
2. C 2. F
3. C 3. T
2. ensure
4. A 4. T 3. weights 7. properties
5. D 5. F 4. reliability 8. described
Ⅲ.
1. combination
5. vary 6. destination Ⅳ.
1. transport capacity 2. transport cost 3. variety of goods 4. freight affordability 5. physical properties
Ⅴ.
1．安全性是选择运输方式的首要条件。 2．企业在选择运输方式时，必须密切关注运输成本与其他相关成本之间的关系。 3．运输方式是指为完成客货运输而采取的运输手段。 4．企业有必要对各种运输工具所需要的运输时间进行研究和分析，然后选择合适的运输方式。 5．模式竞争可能会受到公共政策的影响，政策会决定一种模式可以优于其他模式。
写作范文：
The Importance of an Effective Transportation System
Transportation system has an impact on the economy as whole, as well as on individual companies. Its management is currently described as a source for a company to gain competition over other companies.
Firstly, an effective transportation system can help companies to reduce costs. Cost is the first ground on which companies can gain competitive edge over their rivals. Here what we are referring is not production cost, but landed cost, which is
mainly composed of production cost and logistics cost.
Secondly, with the development in the transportation system, the landed costs for products in distant markets can be competitive with other products selling in the same markets. In addition to direct competition, high-quality transportation also encourages an indirect form of competition by making goods available to the market.
Transportation management has become a competitive edge for companies, so it is necessary to establish an effective transportation system.
第三单元 仓储管理和库存控制
听力材料：
Ⅰ. Listen to the sentences and fill in the blanks with what you exactly heard.
1. Warehousing is not a new concept, but it has gained new functions in modern logistics. 2. Warehousing management is a critical factor for companies to remain competency.
3. Warehousing has three basic functions: movement, storage, and information transfer.
4. Inventory control, otherwise known as stock control, is used to show how much inventory you have at any one time, and how you keep track of it. 5. Inventories are vital to a company to help it function smoothly. Ⅱ. Listen to the dialogues and fill in the blanks with what you exactly heard.
1. A: Why are public warehouses so popular with manufacturers and retailers? B: It is because a public warehouse can achieve scale economy by consolidating（联合，巩固）the goods owned by different public warehouse customers.
A: How about contract warehouses?
B: The main advantages of contract warehouses are the service relationship, tailored service and shared risk. 2. A: Have you got any raincoats in stock?
B: Yes. But in fact there is not much stock left because of the continual
raining weather.
A: Can I reserve all the stock? B: Yes, of course. When shall we deliver the goods to you? A: What about tomorrow morning? B: No problem.
Ⅲ. Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with what you exactly heard, the
first letters have been given. A warehouse is a commercial building for storage of goods. Warehouses are used by manufacturers, importers, exporters, wholesalers, transport businesses, customs, etc. They are usually large plain buildings in industrial areas of cities and towns. They come equipped with loading docks to load and unload trucks, or sometimes are loaded directly from railways, airports, or seaports. They also often have cranes（起重机）and forklifts （铲车，叉车）for moving goods, which are usually placed on International Standards Organization (ISO) standard pallets. 课后习题：
Text 1
Ⅰ. 1. A Ⅱ.
1. T
2. A 2. F
3. B 3. F
4. C 5. D 4. F
5. T 4. WMS 8. employ
Ⅲ.
1. warehousing 5. facility
2. storage 6. unique
3. handle 7. primary
Ⅳ.
1. warehousing management 2. private warehouse 3. public warehouse 4. bonded warehouse 5. picking
Ⅴ.
1． 仓储管理中最重要的设施是仓库。
2．从广义上讲，仓储就是保护、管理、储藏物品。
3．使用公共仓库具有更强的灵活性，因为使用者不需要投入资本金。 4．我们需要定期检查产品和设备，维护仓库清洁、安全，规范各项运作，
并汇总信息。
5．很多企业愿意选择合同仓储的形式，因为让专业机构管理仓储的业务，
他们就可以专注于发展自己的核心竞争力。
Text 2
Ⅰ. 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B Ⅱ. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T Ⅲ.
1. allows 2. designed 3. efficiently 5. equipment 6. decisions 7. operations Ⅳ.
1. lead time 2. cycle stock 3. safety inventory 4. in-transit inventory 5. ABC classification
Ⅴ.
1．库存是指企业所有物料和资源的储备。
2．库存主要分为周转库存、安全库存、在途库存和呆滞库存。
3．周转库存是指在订货周期内用于满足正常需求的库存。
4．呆滞库存是指那些没有需求——至少在目前没有需求的产品。
5．ABC分析法认为不同的库存对企业的价值是不一样的，因而，不能对
所有的库存用同一种方法进行管理。
写作范文：
Reasons for Holding Inventory
The major reasons for keeping inventory are as follow.
Meet demand. For example, a retailer must have the products on hand when the customer wants them. Hence, if a product is not in inventory, it can result in loss of sale.
5. A 5. F 4. utilize 8. accurate
Keep operations on. A manufacturer must have certain purchased items (raw materials, components, or subassemblies) in order to manufacture its products. Running out of only one item can prevent a manufacturer from completing the production of its finished goods.
Lead time. Lead time is the time between placing a purchase order and actually receiving the goods ordered. The supplier may fail to supply the required goods on demand, so firms must keep an inventory of the needed goods. The longer the lead time, the larger quantity of goods firms must carry in inventory.
Quantity discount. Often firms are given a price discount when purchasing large quantities of goods. This also frequently results in inventory in excess of what is currently needed to meet demand.
第四单元 采购
听力材料：
Ⅰ. Listen to the sentences and fill in the blanks with what you exactly heard.
1. Purchasing helps to determine a firm’s cost structure. 2. Every company, whether it is a manufacturer, wholesaler, or retailer, buys materials and supplies from the outside suppliers to support their operation. 3. In a traditional adversarial relationship between buyer and seller, each party sees himself as being in competition with the other. 4. The buyer wants to buy cheap, but the seller wants to sell dear. Therefore, haggling（讨价还价） is a common occurrence. 5. If it is necessary, we are also in a position to act as your purchasing agent on a commission basis.
Ⅱ. Listen to the dialogues and fill in the blanks with what you exactly heard.
1. A: Madam, does the dress fit you? B: Yes, it is perfect! A: I am glad to hear that. Will you take it now? B: Of course! Please wrap it up.
A: Will you pay with credit card or in cash? We will give a 5% discount for cash payment.