determine the effects of overcrowded conditions on man.Recent studies have shown.If rats have adequate living space,they eat well, sleep well, and reproduce well.However, if their living conditions become too crowded,their behavior pattern and even their health perceptibly change.They cannot sleep and eat well,and signs of fear and tension become obvious.The more crowded they are,the more they tend to bite each other and even kill each other.Thus for rats,population and violence are directly related.Is this a natural law for human society as well?Is adequate space not only desirable,but essential for human survival? 16.What affects rats' behavior?

【C】【详解】听到“最近研究表明：鼠类行为受空间影响很大”可知，C为正确。 17.What effect may inadequate living space have on rats according to the passage？ 【B】【详解】原文中说：空间越拥挤，老鼠越容易互相撕咬和残杀，选B。A，C是积极健康的行为，而B.D则是不健康的行为。根据本文主题也可排除A.C,短文也未提及。自杀。，可排除D.

18. What is the experiment done on rats intended to prove?

【C】【详解】短文介绍了有关老鼠的实验后提出，对老鼠而言，老鼠数量和暴h之间具有直接的关系。作者进而问道这是否也适用人类社会?足够的空间是否也是人类生存所必需的条件?故对老鼠的研究是为人类服务的，C正确。 Passage Two

Crime is a serious problem in Britain.One sort of crime which particularly worries people is juvenile delinquency—that is, crimes committed by young people.For some years,juvenile delinquency has been increasing.There are two main sorts of juvenile crime,stealing and violence.Most people do not understand why young people commit these crimes.There are, I think,a large number of different reasons.These crimes are not usually committed by people who are poor or in need.Young people often dislike and resent the adult world.They will do things to show that they are rebels.Also in Britain today it is easier for young people to commit crimes because they have more freedom to go where they like and more money to do what they like.There are two other possible cause which are worth mentioning.More and more people in Britain live in large towns.In a large town no one knows who anyone else is or where they live.But in the village I come from crimes are rare because everybody knows everyone else.Although it is difficult to explain,I think the last cause is very important.Perhaps there is something wrong with our society which encourages violence and crime.It is a fact that all the time children are exposed to films and reports about crime and violence.Many people do not agree that this influences young people,but I think that young people are very much influenced by the society they grow up in.I feel that the fault may be as much with our whole society as with these young people. 19.What is \

【A】【详解】短文提到“juvenile delinquency”时，用that is引导出相应的解释青少年犯罪。故A正确。

20.What can we learn about the young people who commit crimes according to the passage? 【D】【详解】短文说，年轻人常常不喜欢芸至厌恶成年人的世界。D与此相符。 21.Who are to blame for juvenile delinquency according to the speaker? 【C】【详解】录音最后一向话说。我认为我们整个社会和这些年轻人都一样有过错。，可知C(社会和年轻人)正确。 Passage Three

Millions of words have been written about young people in the United States.There are

reasons for this great interest in the ideas,feelings, and actions of youth.

Today there are about seven million Americans in colleges and universities.nearly half of the American population.Many of these will soon be in charge of the nation.Naturally their ideas are important to everyone in the country,and it is necessary for older people to understand what they think and feel.

College students today have strong opinions about right and wrong.They are deeply interested in making a better life for all people,especially for those who have not been given a fair chance before now.They see much that is wrong in the lives of their parents.It is hard for them to see what is right and good in the older way.As a result, there is often trouble in American families.Your country may be meeting such problems, too.

22.How many Americans are there in colleges and universities? 【A】【详解】文中提到“目前美国大约有700万的在校大学生”故A。

23.Why do older people need to understand the ideas of young people according to the passage? 【A】【详解】文中说“年轻人很快就要领导社会，很自认他们的观点很重要”故B。 24.What are college students deeply interested in? 【B】【详解】短文中“他们对如何使所有人过上更好的生活很感兴趣”故B。 25.What is the opinion of American young people about the lives of their parents?

【A】【详解】短文中，年轻人在父母的生活中看到许多错误的东西，他们很难再就得生活方式中看到正确的，好的东西，因此常常和父母发生冲突。故A。 Model test 4 Section A

Directions: In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item. 1. A) To earn profits only. C) To advance electronic technology. B) To protect the environment. D) To export discarded electronics. 2. A) They pose great threat to people's health. B) They are bad for economic development.

C) They insert negative effects on the environment D) They seldom get recycled in developing countries.

Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.

3. A) Over 3, 700. B) Less than 3, 600. C) Over 3, 600. D) Less than 3, 700. 4. A) More surviving family can be found in Sierra Leone. B) The center will help the growing number of orphans. C) The orphans can have a promising future.

D) There will be more child care centers in Sierra Leone. Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.

6. A) The African green revolution forum. C) Death of most of the domestic animals. B) The speed and severity of climate change. D) The African Agriculture Status Report. 6. A) Small-scale farmers are the major support for African agriculture. B) The small-scale farmers produce 70-percent of the food need.

C) About 80wecent of these are depend on the weather.

D) There are about 90qereent small-scale farmers in sub-Saharan.

7. A) It will affect increase in yield, C) It will reduce many harmful insects. B) It will kill most of the domestic animals. D) It will affect food security. Section B

Directions: In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Conversation One

8.A)To return some business books. B)To apply for a new library card.

C)To check out some books from the library.

D)To find out where the art books are books are located. 9.A)The woman thinks he has an overdue book.

B) The books he need have been checked out by someone else. C) The woman is unable to locate the books that he needs. D) A library notice was sent to him at his previous address. 10. A) The man has mistakenly received someone else' s books. B) The man changed his major from art to business. C)The man recently moved off campus.

D)There are two students named Richard Smith. 11.A)See if he is related to any of the students. B)Apply for a job as a library assistant. C)Use his middle name. D)Use a different library. Conversation Two

12. A) Soccer. B) American football.C)Rugby.D)Basketball. 13. A) The players use a round ball in the game. B) the players use an elliptic ball in the game.

C) The players cannot pass the ball with their hands. D) tine players can only pass the ball with their hands.

14. A) Both prefer soccer to American football. C) Belinda prefers soccer to American football. B) Both prefer American football to soccer. D) Martin prefers soccer to American football. 15.A) She thought it was a soccer game. C) She was excited about the game going on. B) She'd like to share the man's hobby. D) She wanted to see how violent it is. Section C

Directions: In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.

After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

16. A) the city is too crowded.C) the streets are too narrow.

B) the city is an attractive place.D) the students there lead a comfortable life. 17. A) Watching traditional plays.C) Boating on the river.

B) Visiting the magnificent libraries.D) Cycling in narrow streets.

18. A) There are many visitors there.C) There are many old streets there. B) There are many students there.D) There are many bicycles there. Passage Two

19.A) He is a sportsman. C) He is an actor. B) He is a photographer. D) He is a publisher.

20.A) He was good at writing about interesting people. B) It was much easier to write stories about people.

C) He believed that people are always eager to learn about other people. D) He thought people played an important role in world events. 21.A) Business people. B) Journalists. C) Sport fans. D) Celebrities. Passage Three

22. A) In the fist semester. C) In the third semester. B) In the second semester. D) In the fourth semester. 23. A) She is ill. C) Her husband wants her to. B) She is too old. D) Her husband is ill.

24. A) His girlfriend. B) His mother. C) His cousin. D) His teacher.

25. A) He has decided to continue his studies. C) He has decided to give up his job. B) He has still to take a part time job. D) He has still to make a decision.

答案详解 Section A

Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.

It is the end of the road for these broken,outdated and unwanted electronics.Seoul city throws out some 10 tons of e-waste each year,and about a fifth of that arrives at this recycling center.But it is not just about earning profits,says the center’s CEO Ji.It is about protecting the environment.“Our planet has a limited amount of natural resources,” he said.“Our company contributes to a sustainable society,by preserving these materials.”Ji says about 90 percent of what is brought here gets recycled.Accumulating large piles of electronic trash is not only a concern in technologically-advanced South Korea.The United Nations reports millions of tons of the world’s e-waste winds up in developing countries.There,poisonous materials like lead and mercury pose a severe health risk.That is despite international agreements that ban the export of discarded electronics.

1.What is the purpose of recycling e-waste in Seoul’s recycling center? 【B】【详解】新闻引用该回收站CEO的话，指出该中心回收电子垃圾不仅是为了赚取利润，也是为了保护环境(not just about earning profits..about protecting the environment).B符合新闻内容。回收电子垃圾并不只是为了获取利润，故A错误。C。提高电子技术。和D。出口丢弃的电子产品。均是利用新闻原词作干扰，不是该中心的目的。 2.Why do international agreements ban the export of discarded electronics? 【A】【详解】新闻末尾部分提到，联合国报告称全世界数百万吨的电子垃圾最终流往发展中国家，有毒材料如铅和汞等对这些国家构成了严重的健康威胁。这种行为无视禁止出口这些废弃电子产品的国际协议。可推测国际协议禁止出口废弃电子产品的原因是电子垃圾严重

威胁人类健康，A正确。冒'对经济发展有负面影响。完全没

有在新闻中提到。C。电子垃圾对环境有负面影响。这一说法是正确的，但答非所问，并非新闻中提到的原因。D在发展中国家很少得到回收。无法从新闻内容推断出来。 Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.

UNICEF says more than 3,700 children across west Africa have lost one or both parents to Ebola“Doctors without borders” Axelle Vandoornick said the growing number of Ebola orphans is a crisis of its own.Child care services in Sierra Leone are almost nonexistent.

Ministry of health social services officer Doris Mansare is in charge of running Kailahun's first Ebola children center for orphans.She said “it’s difficult for us to find family members,so this temporary care center was established to basically insure that we get the children from the treatment center.”

Vandoornick said it can be hard to find surviving family.Ebola is wiping out entire families because the disease spread inside the families easily.

Doris said she hopes the new center will help the growing number of orphans,but she worries about their future.Vandoornick hopes there will be many child care centers set up across Sierra Leone.

3.How many kids have lost parents to Ebola in West Africa?

【A】【详解】新闻开头提到，联合国儿童基金会表示西非有3700多名儿童由于埃博拉病毒失去父母一方或双亲。故答案为A. 4.What is Vandoornick’s hope? 【D】【详解】新闻最后谈到Vandoomick希望在Siena Leone国内建立更多的儿童关爱中心。故D为答案。新闻中提到Vandoomick表示很难找到幸存的家庭，A。可以找到更多幸存的家庭。错误。B。新中心能够帮助越来越多的孤儿\是Doris的希望。新闻随后提到Dolis对孤儿的未来充满担心，故C不对。

Questions 5 to 7 will he based on the following news item.

A new study says the speed and severity of climate change could cause major damage to small African farms.These farmers are already struggling to deal with the effects of climate change.The study was released at the African green revolution forum in Addis Ababa.It is called the African Agriculture Status Report.

Small-scale farmers are the major support for African agriculture.About 70-percent of the rural populations in sub-Saharan Africa are small-scale farmers.They produce about 80-percent of the food need in Africa.

About 90-precent of these farms are rain-fed,which means that they depend on the weather.Weather is rainfall.Weather is drought.Weather is an increase in temperature.

They are more exposed to these climate effects than any other part of the world.On top of that most of them use their own labor or family labor.They are not mechanized.

The report says farmers in sub-Saharan Africa are also dealing with rising temperatures.This major rise in temperature brings a lot of issues to Africa food security.It is going to affect reduction in yield,increase invulnerability to harmful insects and diseases that will kill most of the domestic animals.

5.What will cause serious damage to small African farms? 【B】【详解】新闻开头提到了·项新研究，该研究称气候变化的速度和严重程度(speed and severity of climate change可能会对非洲小农户造成重大破坏，B完全复现原文，为答案。C。