¹ãÖÝ´óѧ³Ç½¨ÉèÏîÄ¿¹ãÖÝ´óѧÉú»îÇø·¿½¨ÏîÄ¿
×ܳаü¹ÜÀíÅäºÏÐÒéÊé
ºÏͬ±àºÅ£º
ΪÇÐʵ¼ÓÇ¿×Ü·Ö°ü¹ÜÀí£¬±£Ö¤´óѧ³ÇÏîÄ¿¹¤³Ì½¨ÉèÓÐÐò½øÐУ¬°´ÕÕ¡¶¹ãÖÝ´óѧ³Ç·¿½¨¹¤³ÌÊ©¹¤×ܳаü¹ÜÀí°ì·¨¡·£¨ÒÔϼò³Æ¡°×ܳаü¹ÜÀí°ì·¨¡±£©¼°ÆäËûÏà¹Ø¹ÜÀí°ì·¨£¬·¿½¨Æß±ê¶ÎÊ©¹¤×ܳаüµ¥Î»¹ãÖÝ·¿Êµ¹¤³Ì×ܳаüÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾£¨ÒÔϼò³Æ×ܰüµ¥Î»£©Óëרҵ·Ö°üµ¥Î» ¹ãÖÝÊÐͨÐŽ¨ÉèÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾ £¨ÒÔϼò³Æ·Ö°üµ¥Î»£©Ç©¶©ÈçÏÂÐÒ飺
Ò»¡¢
רҵ·Ö°ü¹¤³ÌÊ©¹¤ÄÚÈÝ
רҵ·Ö°üÊ©¹¤¹¤³ÌÄÚÈÝ Í¨ÐŹܵÀ¹¤³Ì £¬¾ßÌåÊ©¹¤ÄÚÈÝÒÔÒµÖ÷Ö¸¶¨µÄ¹¤×÷ÄÚÈÝΪ׼¡£ ¶þ¡¢
×Ü·Ö°üµ¥Î»µÄȨÀûÒåÎñ
1¡¢»ù±¾¹æ¶¨ 1£®1¡¢
×ܰüµ¥Î»°´ÕÕÓëÒµÖ÷Ç©¶©µÄºÏͬ¼°×ܳаü¹ÜÀí°ì·¨Ôڼƻ®¡¢¹¤ÆÚ¡¢ÖÊÁ¿¡¢°²È«¡¢ÏÖ³¡¹ÜÀí¡¢ÎÄÃ÷Ê©¹¤¡¢¹¤³Ì¼¼Êõ×ÊÁϹÜÀíµÈ·½Ãæ¶Ô·Ö°üµ¥Î»½øÐÐͳһָ»Ó¡¢×éÖ¯¹ÜÀíºÍе÷·þÎñ£¬·Ö°üµ¥Î»±ØÐëÎÞÌõ¼þ½ÓÊÜ£¬²¢×ñÊØ×ܰüµ¥Î»ÏÖ³¡µÄ¸÷Ïî¹ÜÀí¹æÕÂÖÆ¶È¡£
1£®2¡¢
×ܰüµ¥Î»ÓÐȨ°´×ܳаü¹ÜÀí°ì·¨¼°¹ãÖÝ´óѧ³ÇÆäËû¹ÜÀí°ì·¨µÄ¹æ¶¨½øÐи÷Ïî¹ÜÀí¡£
1£®3¡¢
Ë«·½¾ùÏíÓÐÓëÒµÖ÷Ç©¶©Ê©¹¤ºÏͬÒÔ¼°×ܳаü¹ÜÀí°ì·¨Ëù¹æ¶¨µÄÆäËûȨÀû£¬²¢³Ðµ£ÏàÓ¦µÄÒåÎñºÍÔðÈΡ£
2¡¢×ܰüµ¥Î»Ò»°ãÒåÎñ
£¨1£© ¾®¼Ü¡¢ËþµõµÈ´¹Ö±ÔËÊ乤¾ß
×ܰüµ¥Î»Ó¦Ïò·Ö°üµ¥Î»ÎÞÌõ¼þÌṩ¾®¼Ü¡¢ËþµõµÈ´¹Ö±ÔËÊä×°Öúͻúе£¬°üÀ¨»ú¼ÝÈËÔ±µÄ²Ù×÷£¬µ«½ø³ö´¹Ö±ÔËÊ乤¾ßµÄװж»õ¹¤×÷ÓÉ·Ö°üµ¥Î»¸ºÔð¡£µ«Èç·Ö°üµ¥Î»Òò×ÔÉíÐèÇóÒª×ܰüµ¥Î»ÁíÐдîÉè¾®¼Ü¡¢ËþµõµÄ£¬
µÚ 1 Ò³ ¹² 9 Ò³
×ܰüµ¥Î»ÓÐȨҪÇóÏò·Ö°üµ¥Î»ÊÕÈ¡ÏàÓ¦µÄ·ÑÓᣠ£¨2£© Ê©¹¤½ÅÊּܡ¢ÅÅÕ¤
ÔÚÊ©¹¤½ÅÊÖ¼ÜÉÐδ²ð³ýǰ£¬×ܰüµ¥Î»Ó¦ÎÞÌõ¼þÌṩÏÖÓеĽÅÊּܺÍÅÀÌݵÈÉèÊ©¸ø·Ö°üµ¥Î»Ê¹Ó᣷ְüµ¥Î»±ØÐëÅäºÏ¹¤³Ì×ÜÌå½ø¶È¼Æ»®ÒªÇóÌáǰÌá³öÕâЩÉèÊ©µÄʹÓüƻ®¡£
µ«Èç·Ö°üµ¥Î»Òò×ÔÉíÔÒòδÄܰ´¹¤³ÌÕûÌå½ø¶È¼Æ»®ÒªÇó£¬ÔÚ×ܰüµ¥Î»²ð³ý½ÅÊÖ¼Üǰ½øÐÐÏàÓ¦¹¤³ÌÊ©¹¤£¬Ðè×ܰüµ¥Î»ÍƳٲð½ÅÊÖ¼ÜÈÕÆÚ»òÁíÐдîÉè½ÅÊּܵģ¬×ܰüµ¥Î»ÓÐȨҪÇóÏò·Ö°üµ¥Î»ÊÕÈ¡ÏàÓ¦µÄ·ÑÓᣠ£¨3£© ÖáÏßÓë±ê¸ß
×ܰüµ¥Î»ÓÐÒåÎñÎÞÌõ¼þΪ·Ö°üµ¥Î»ÌṩÖáÏߺͱê¸ßµÄ¿ØÖƵ㣬°üÀ¨ÔÚÿ²ãÿ·¿¼ä¼°±ØÒªµÄλÖÃÉèÓбê¸ß¿ØÖÆÏߣ¬ÒÔ¹©·Ö°üµ¥Î»×÷Ê©¹¤¶¨Î»ºÍ¸ß³ÌʹÓᣠ3¡¢Ê©¹¤³¡µØ¹ÜÀí
·Ö°üµ¥Î»½ø³¡Ê©¹¤Ç°£¬Ó¦Ïò×ܰüµ¥Î»Ìá³öÆäÊ©¹¤¼°²ÄÁÏ¡¢É豸¶Ñ·ÅËùÐ賡µØÃæ»ý¡¢²¿Î»µÈÒªÇó£¬ÒÔ±ãÓÚ×ܰüµ¥Î»ºÏÀí°²ÅÅÊ©¹¤³¡µØ¡£¶ÔÓÚÁÙ½¨ÉèÊ©£¬×ܰüµ¥Î»°´¡¶¹ãÖÝ´óѧ³Ç½¨ÉèÏîĿʩ¹¤ÏÖ³¡¹ÜÀí°ì·¨¡·¶Ôרҵ·Ö°üµ¥Î»Ìá³öͳһ¹æ¸ñ±ê×¼´îÉèµÄÒªÇ󣬲¢¶ÔÏÖ³¡³¡Èݳ¡Ã²½øÐйÜÀí£¬·Ö°üµ¥Î»²»µÃ˽×ÔÂÒ´îÂÒ½¨¡£
4¡¢Ê©¹¤ÁÙʱµÀ·¹ÜÀí
ÏÖ³¡Ê©¹¤ÁÙʱµÀ·²¼ÖÃÓÉ×ܰüµ¥Î»Í³Ò»¹æ»®£¬±ØÐë·ûºÏ¡¶¹ãÖÝÊн¨ÉèÏÖ³¡ÎÄÃ÷Ê©¹¤¹ÜÀí°ì·¨¡·£¨Ë뽨Öþ[1999]175ºÅ£©¹æ¶¨£¬Ö÷¸ÉµÀ¼°ÅÅË®¹µÍ³Ò»ÆÌÉ衢ͳһά»¤£¬È·±£Ê©¹¤µÀ·³©Í¨ÅÅË®ÎÞ×è¡£ 5¡¢Ê©¹¤ÓÃË®¡¢Óõç¹ÜÀí
£¨1£© ×ܰüµ¥Î»Ó¦ÔÚÿ¸öÊ©¹¤£¨ÇøÓò£©Â¥²ãÉèÖù©Ë®ÁúÍ·£¬ÒÔ·½±ãÓÚ·Ö
°üµ¥Î»ÓÃË®·½±ã¡£
£¨2£© ×ܰüµ¥Î»±ØÒªÊ±ÓÐÒåÎñΪ·Ö°üµ¥Î»Ìṩ¸ßѹˮ±Ã£¬Í¬Ê±ÅÉרÈ˹Ü
Àí¡£
£¨3£© ×ܰüµ¥Î»ÔÚ¸÷Â¥²ã¾ù°²Éè·ÖµçÏ䣬ÒÔÈ·±£·Ö°üµ¥Î»Óõ硣 £¨4£© ×ܰüµ¥Î»Í³Ò»ÎªÆä±ê¶ÎÄÚËùÓзְüµ¥Î»´ú½ÉË®µç·Ñ¡£ÐèҪʹÓÃË®
µÚ 2 Ò³ ¹² 9 Ò³
µçµÄ·Ö°üµ¥Î»½ø³¡ºó£¬Ïò×ܰüµ¥Î»°ìÀíÓÃË®ÓõçÊÖÐøºó£¬×ÔÐйұíʹÓã¬Ã¿Ô°´¹æ¶¨Ïò×ܰüµ¥Î»½»ÄÉË®µç·Ñ¡£
£¨5£© ΪÁË·À±¸µçÍø¹©µç¹ÊÕÏ»òµçÁ¦¹©Ó¦²»×㣬·Ö°üµ¥Î»×ÔÐÐ×¼±¸·¢µç
»úÒÔ×÷ÁÙʱ¹©µçÓá£
6¡¢³¡µØÇåÀí¹ÜÀí
·Ö°üµ¥Î»Ó¦×öºÃ¸÷×ÔµÄÊ£ÓཨÖþ²ÄÁÏ¡¢½¨ÖþÀ¬»øµÄÇåÀí¹¤×÷£¬½¨ÖþÀ¬»ø±ØÐ뼰ʱÇåÔËÖÁ×ܰüµ¥Î»µÄÖ¸¶¨¼¯Öеص㣬ÓÉ×ܰüµ¥Î»Í³Ò»ÍâÔË¡£ÓÉÓÚ·Ö°üµ¥Î»Î´Äܼ°Ê±°´ÒªÇóÇåÔË£¬Ó°Ïì×ܰü»òÆäËû·Ö°üµ¥Î»Ê©¹¤¼°ÏÖ³¡°²È«ÎÄÃ÷Éú²ú£¬×ܰüµ¥Î»¸ºÔð×éÖ¯½øÐÐÇåÀíÍâÔË£¬²¢Ïò¸Ã·Ö°üµ¥Î»ÊÕÈ¡ÏàÓ¦·ÑÓá£
ÔÚ¿¢¹¤Í˳¡Ç°£¬·Ö°üµ¥Î»µÄ½¨Éè²ÄÁϺʹîÉèµÄÁÙʱ½¨ÖþÓ¦×ÔÐÐÇ峡ÇåÔË¡£
7¡¢°²È«ÎÄÃ÷Éú²ú¹ÜÀí
×Ü·Ö°üµ¥Î»±ØÐë¼á³Ö¡°°²È«µÚÒ»¡¢Ô¤·ÀΪÖ÷¡±µÄ·½Õ룻±ØÐ뽨Á¢°²È«¹ÜÀíÌåϵºÍ°²È«Éú²úÔðÈÎÖÆ¡£ÏîÄ¿¾ÀíÊÇÏÖ³¡°²È«Éú²úµÄ×ܸºÔðÈË¡£
£¨1£© °²È«ÉèÊ©
¢Ù ×ܰüµ¥Î»Ó¦ÔÚÊ©¹¤ÁÙʱµÀ·Èë¿Ú´¦ÉèÖð²È«¾¯Ê¾ÅÆ¡¢ÏÞËٵȱêÖ¾£¬±£Ö¤³¡ÄÚ³©Í¨¡¢°²È«£»ÔÚ¿¿Ê©¹¤³¡µØµÄÖ÷Ҫʩ¹¤µØ¶ÎÉèÖð²È«¾¯Ê¾À¸ºÍ±êÖ¾£»ÔÚ¡°ËÄ¿ÚÎåÁٱߡ±ÉèÖð²È«Î§°åºÍ¾¯Ê¾±êÖ¾¡£·Ö°üµ¥Î»ÔÚÐèÒª²ð³ýÓйذ²È«ÉèÊ©µÄʱºò£¬±ØÐëÉϱ¨×ܰüµ¥Î»Í³Ò»°²ÅÅ¡£
¢Ú ·Ö°üµ¥Î»½ø³¡Ê©¹¤Ê±Ó¦ÔÚ±¾µ¥Î»Ê©¹¤·¶Î§ÄÚÉèÖÃÏàÓ¦µÄ°²È«Ïû·À´ëÊ©£¬ÓÐÒåÎñ±£»¤ÏÖ³¡¸÷Ïȫ¡¢Ïû·ÀÉèÊ©µÄÍêºÃ£¬ÈçÊ©¹¤½ÅÊּܡ¢Áٱ߻¤À¸¼°Ïû·ÀÆ÷²ÄµÈ£¬²»µÃÉÃ×Ô±ä¸ü¼°Ôö¼ÓÊ©¹¤ºÉÔØ¡£
£¨2£© ×Ü·Ö°ü¹ÜÀíµ¥Î»Ó¦ÈÏÕæ¹á³¹Ö´ÐÐJGJ59-99¡¶½¨ÖþÊ©¹¤°²È«¼ì²é±ê
×¼¡·¡£·Ö°üµ¥Î»±ØÐë½ÓÊÜ×ܰüµ¥Î»µÄ°²È«ÎÄÃ÷Éú²ú¼à¿Ø£¬ÑϽûÎ¥ÕÂ×÷Òµ£»»ý¼«²ÎÓ빤µØµÄ¸÷ÏȫÎÄÃ÷Éú²ú¡¢Ïû·À¼ì²é¹¤×÷£¬²¢ÂäʵÓйØÕû¸ÄÊÂÒË¡£·Ö°üµ¥Î»µÄÕû¸Ä¹¤×÷Èô²»ÄÜ´ïµ½Óйذ²È«ÎÄÃ÷Éú²ú¡¢Ïû·À¹ÜÀí±ê×¼£¨»ò²»Äܼ°Ê±´ïµ½ÒªÇóµÄ£©£¬¾¼àÀí¹¤³ÌʦºË×¼£¬×ܰüµ¥Î»¿ÉÒÔÐÖú·Ö°üµ¥Î»ÓèÒÔÕû¸Ä£¬Æä·¢ÉúµÄÈ˹¤¡¢»úе¡¢
µÚ 3 Ò³ ¹² 9 Ò³