有机化学课后习题参考答案完整版(汪小兰第四版) - 图文 下载本文

OH2-methylbutan-2-ol2-甲基-2-丁醇OH或

OHCH3CCH2CH3CH3 2-甲基-2-丁醇(叔醇)

**HOCH2CHCH2CH3CH32-甲基-1-丁醇(两个异构体)或 2-甲基-1-丁醇(伯醇)

2-methylbutan-1-olOH2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol2,2-二甲基-1-丙醇包括以下6种立体异构:

CH3CH3CCH2OHCH3 2,2-二甲基丙醇(伯醇)

OOO1-methoxybutane甲氧基丁烷1-methoxy-2-methylpropane1-甲氧基-2-甲基丙烷 乙丙醚;乙氧基丙烷O1-ethoxypropaneO*O2-methoxy-2-methylpropane甲氧基叔丁基醚;2-甲氧基-2-甲基丙烷

2-ethoxypropane2-甲氧基丁烷(手性碳两个对映体)乙基异丙基醚;2-乙氧基丙烷

8.3说明下列异构体沸点不同的原因。

2-methoxybutanea.CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3(b.p.90.5℃), (CH3)2CHOCH(CH3)2(b.p.68℃) b.(CH3)3CCH2OH(b.p.113℃), (CH3)3C-O-CH(b.p.55℃)

答案:

a. 因为后者的分支程度比较大,则分子间的接触面积减小,从而分子间作用力减小,因此沸点较低; b. 因为前者能够形成分子间氢键,导致作用力增加,沸点较高。

8.4下列哪个正确的表示了乙醚与水形成的氢键。

Ha.C2H5?O---O?HC2H5c.C2H5?OOb.C2H5?O---H

H

C2H5d.C2H5?O

8.5完成下列转化:

C2H5---H?OH

HC2H5---O?H

答案:b. 正确地表示了乙醚与水形成的氢键。

OHa.

O

b.CH3CH2CH2OHCH3CCH

c.CH3CH2CH2OHCH3CH2CH2OCH(CH3)2 d.CH3CH2CH2CH2OHOHOHOHCH3CH2CHCH3

e.SO3H

f.g.

CH2=CH2CH3CH2CH=CH2HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OHCH3CH2CH2CH2OH

h. 答案:

ClCH2CH2CH2CH2OHO

OHa.

CrO3.Py2O

浓H2SO4Br2b.CH3CH2CH2OHCH3CH=CH2CH3CH-CH2KOH / EtOHCHCCH3?BrBr

c.ACH3CH2CH2OHNa?H+HBrHBr(CH3)2CHBrCH3CH2CH2OCH(CH3)2BrCH3CHCH3CH3CH2CH2BrOHNaCH3CHCH3ONaCH3CH2CH2BrCH3CHCH3T.M

CH3CH=CH2BCH3CH2CH2OH?H+HOHCH3CH=CH2H+d.CH3CH2CH2CH2OHHBrCH3CH2OHCH3CH2CH2CH2BrNaOHCH3CH2CH=CH2HOHH+OHCH3CH2CHCH3OH

e.OH浓H2SO4SO3H

f.CH2=CH2稀 冷KMnO4CH-CH222OH2O+Cl2OHOHClCH2CH2OHNaOHHOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OHHOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OHClCH2CH2OH

g.CH3CH2CH=CH21)B2H6,Et2O2)HO,OH-22CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

h.

ClCH2CH2CH2CH2OHNaOH?O

8.6用简便且有明显现象的方法鉴别下列各组化合物

a.HCCCH2CH2OHCH3CCCH2OH

b.CH2OHOHCH3

c.d.答案:

CH3CH2OCH2CH3 , CH3CH2CH2CH2OH , CH3(CH2)4CH3

CH3CH2Br , CH3CH2OH

a. Ag(NH3)2+(炔氢反应) b. FeCl3或Br2

c. 浓H2SO4和K2Cr2O7 (浓H2SO4能使醇脱水;K2Cr2O7能氧化醚) d. 浓H2SO4(能使醇脱水)

8.7下列化合物是否可形成分子内氢键?写出带有分子内氢健的结构式。

NO2a.NO2b.OHCH3COCH2CHCH3OHOHc.d.OOH

答案:a,b,d可以形成

Oa,Ocis -NOHOHONOtrans-d.OHOHNOOOONOb.H3COHH2COCH3OH

第二种答案:

a.ONOCH2b.CH3?COH

CHCH3OH

d.OOHO

8.8写出下列反应的历程

OH答案;

H++

OHH++OH2_H2Oa+ba+_H+_b+HH+ 8.9 写出下列反应的主要产物或反应物:

a.b.(CH3)2CHCH2CH2OHOCH3+CH2CH2OCH3+HBr

2HI

c.+Od.e.HI

CH3+NaOC2H5KMnO4OH-(CH3)2CHBr

CH3(CH2)3CHCH3OH

HIO4f. CH3COOH+CH3CH2CHO

g.HIO4CH3COCH2CH2CHO

OHh.CH3+Br2 浓H2SO4分子内脱水无水ZnCl2i.CH3(CH2)2CHCH2CH3OH

*j.答案:

OH+HCl

a.(CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH+HBr(CH3)2CHCH2CH2Br

b.OCH3+HI(过量)OH+2 CH3I

CH2CH2OCH3CH2CH2OHc.

+OCH3HI(过量)ⅠOH

d.(CH3)2CHBr+NaOC2H5e.CH3(CH2)3CHCH3OHKMnO4OH-(CH3)2CHOC2H5+CH3CH=CH2CH3(CH2)3CCH3O