本科生毕业设计（论文）

摘 要

塔设备是化工、炼油生产中最重要的设备之一，是一种重要的单元操作设备。它可使气（或汽）液或液液两相之间进行充分接触，达到相际传质及传热的目的。常见的、可在塔设备中完成的单元操作有：蒸馏、吸收、解收、萃取、气体的洗涤等。此外，工业气体的冷却与回收、气体的湿法制作和干燥，以及兼有气液两相传质和传热的增湿和减湿等也可在塔设备中完成。

塔设备按其结构特点可以分为板式塔、填料塔和复合塔3类。本次设计选用填料塔作为吸收塔，主要考虑填料塔的以下优点：填料塔结构简单、压力降小，传热效率高，便于采用耐腐蚀的材料制造等，对于热敏性及容易起泡的物料更显出优越性。

本次设计内容包括：发展概况及应用的了解，塔体的选型，填料的选择，工艺计算（包括物料衡算，模拟计算，工艺尺寸计算，高度计算，压降计算，分布装置设计，支撑装置设计）；机械计算（包括塔釜设计，上部筒体机械设计，开孔与开孔补强计算，强度设计和稳定设计，支座的选型和设计，接管的选用，法兰的选取），设备的制造及安装等，最后利用CAD将其装配图和部分零件图分别绘制出。

关键词：填料塔；二氧化碳；气液传质；逆相混合

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本科生毕业设计（论文）

Abstract

Tower is one of the most important equipment in chemical industry and oil production, it is also an important handling equipment. It will enable gas(or steam) liquid or liquid-liquid connnecting fully and reaching the purposes of transfering media and heat . Commonly, operation can be completed in tower are: distillation, absorption, of the admission, extraction, washing of the gases. In addition, recycling and cooling of gas in industrial , the gas production of wet and dry, and both two-phase of gas-liquid mass transfering and heat transfering by the humidification and wet,could also be done in the tower.

The struction of tower can be divided into plate tower, packed tower and the tower due to its characteristics . The packed tower is choosen as the absorber in the design, Given to the following advantages of the tower: the structure of the tower is simple, the pressure is small , the efficiency of heat conveying is high , and it could be made by corrosion-resistant materials easily, such as manufacturing, thermosensitive and sparkling materials more easily Demonstrate superiority.

The design includes: Development and application of knowledge of the tower, and the selection of the structer about the tower, the choice of packing terms and caculating(including the caculating about material balance, simulation caculating, process size, height, the pressure drop, the distribution of design, Design Support Unit); mechanical calculations (including the reactor design of the tower, the design of the upper shell, the opening and the opening reinforcement, the strength of the design and stability of the design, the selection and design of the bearing ,the choice to take over, the selection of flange ), The manufacture the map of assemble and parts with the help of CAD.

Key words：Packed tower；Carbon dioxide；Gas-liquid mass transfer；

Reverse mixed

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本科生毕业设计（论文）

目 录

第1章 填料塔技术的现状与发展趋势 ................................................................ 1

1.1 填料塔技术 ............................................................................................... 1

1.1.1 塔填料的现状和发展趋势 ............................................................ 1 1.1.2 塔内件的现状和发展趋势 ............................................................ 2 1.1.3 工艺流程的现状和发展趋势 ........................................................ 3 1.2 塔板-填料复合塔板 .................................................................................. 3 1.3 填料塔发展趋势 ....................................................................................... 4 第2章 原理及方案的确定 .................................................................................... 5

2.1 CO2吸收塔工作原理及工艺流程简介 ..................................................... 5 2.2 设计方案及论证 ....................................................................................... 5 第3章 工艺计算 ................................................................................................... 7

3.1 主要工艺参数的确定 ............................................................................... 7

3.1.1 吸收温度 ........................................................................................ 7 3.1.2 吸收压力 ........................................................................................ 7 3.2 物料衡算 ................................................................................................... 7

3.2.1 进塔物料 ........................................................................................ 7 3.2.2 吸收液量计算 ................................................................................ 8 3.2.3 原料液的平均分子量 .................................................................. 10 3.2.4 出气量 .......................................................................................... 10 3.3 吸收塔直径的确定 ................................................................................. 11

3.3.1 塔径 .............................................................................................. 11 3.3.2 每米填料层的压降 ...................................................................... 15 3.4 填料选择 ................................................................................................. 16

3.4.1 填料结构选择 .............................................................................. 16 3.4.2 填料特性数据 .............................................................................. 16 3.5 填料层高度确定 ..................................................................................... 17

3.5.1 吸收模型分析 .............................................................................. 17 3.5.2 吸收系数 ...................................................................................... 17 3.5.3 填料层高度计算 .......................................................................... 19 3.5.4 填料分层高度 .............................................................................. 21

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