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more pressing economic problems. If they had only had one more child, the fact would have passed unnoticed. They would have continued to struggle against economic odds and would have lived in obscurity. But they suddenly became the parents of quintuplets, four girls and a boy, an event which radically changed their lives. The day after the birth of the five children, an aeroplane arrived in Aberdeen bringing sixty reporters and photographers.
13． Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society does nothing to
prevent us from being filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch…. Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle ? …Last summer I spent days in the garden watching thousands of ants crawling up the trunk of my prize peach tree. … During the summer, I noticed that the leaves of the tree were beginning to wither. Clusters of tiny insects called aphides were to be found on the underside of the leaves. They were visited by a colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them. (二) 实战演练（改写题目轻松写出文章开头、结尾主题句） 1. In order to produce successful original work, scholars and scientists and scientists must first study the successful work of others to learn what contributions remain to be made. [GRE 100] 开头主题句： 结尾主题句： 2. people should not be too quick in trying to take action; instead they should stop to think of the possible consequence of what they might do. [GRE 96] 开头主题句：
结尾主题句：
3. Some people think that the family is the most important influence on young adults. Other people think that friends are the most important influence on young adults. Which view do you agree with? Use examples to support your position. [TOEFL 114.]
开头主题句：
结尾主题句：
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4. Some people believe that university students should be required to attend classes. Others believe that going to classes should be optional for students. Which point of view do you
agree with? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer. [TOEFL 14 ] 开头主题句：
结尾主题句：
5. Should a city try to preserve its old, historic buildings or destroy them and replace them
with modern buildings? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. [ TOEFL 65.] 开头主题句： 结尾主题句： 6. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People are never satisfied with what they have; they always want something more or something different. Use specific reasons to support your answer. [TOEFL 122.] 开头主题句： 结尾主题句：
7. Some people spend their entire lives in one place. Others move a number of times throughout their lives, looking for a better job, house, community, or even climate. Which do you prefer: staying in one place or moving in search of another place? Use reasons and specific examples to support your opinion. [TOEFL 31] 开头主题句：
结尾主题句：
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第三部分：篇章层面的中英思维转换
一. 四种思维模式 1.case 2.议论段 3.sth */*/*——cause */*/* 4. ?- sth - ? 5. ? - A - ? ? - B - ? 议论文—— 六步成段法 第一步：本质 第二步：分类和因果——段落的展开 第三步：主谓的确定——句子的建立 第四步：定语及状语成分的添加——句子的丰富 第五步：举例及没话找话——段落的丰富 第六步：检查——主谓一致 （一） 议论段 ? 经典例子：Go abroad For those that are traveling abroad, they go for many reasons, some for education, to broaden their horizon, and others go to develop simple life skills. These individuals come from many different backgrounds, they are students, parents, or professionals. They could be rich or poor. Depending on the person and their given circumstances, to travel abroad is not an easy task. Some ways of being able to travel abroad is to spend endless nights preparing for exams such as GRE and then to apply for financial aid. For those more fortunate individuals, they are simply supported by their wealthy family. Even though the process may be long and arduous, most travel to English speaking countries for the major reason that they are often the ones with the most opportunities. This trend of studying abroad has become extremely popular over the past decade, therefore this will lead to the inevitable fact that upon their return to their homeland, the competitiveness in the workplace will be much higher.
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（二） sth */*/*——cause */*/*
1. pocket money
2. My favorite means of transportation in traveling.
3. People do many different things to stay healthy. What do you do for good health? Use
specific reasons and examples to support your answer. (TOEFL 164)
4. Teenager Smoking Soars
描述近些年来青少年吸烟的变化情况 分析造成这种情况的主要原因 提出一些建议
5. A Boom in Adult Education
现在许多成年人都利用业余时间去大学或夜校读书 出现这种成人教育热的原因
6. CET4-1999/1
1) 别人请求帮助时，在什么情况下我们会说―不‖为什么有些人在该说―不‖的时候不说―不‖该说―不‖的时候不说―不‖的坏处
7. CET4-2000/1
1) 上大学的费用(tuition and fees)可以通过多种途径解决。
2) 那种途径适合我
? Parents are a major resource for a regular supply of tuition. ? ? （fairly well off） universities offer scholarships and tuition waiver
? Taking a part time job provides a (feasible) solution for college students to finance their
college expenditures.
? Students might apply for loans at the bank [in times of need] [if the government adopts
favorable policies concerning higher education.]
After being admitted into college, most students will need to be supported financially. Parents, of course, are a major resource for a regular supply of tuition. For some really fortunate ones, fairly well off universities offer scholarships and tuition waiver. Taking a part time job provides another feasible solution for college students to finance their college expenditures. The result of a recent survey among a number of key universities in Peking reveals that more than 56% of college students take part-time jobs in the neighborhood of their college in their free time. If the above ways are not accessible, students might still apply for loans at the bank in times of need if the government adopts the favorable policies concerning higher education.
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In my case, my university had no plans to assist students financially. My parents failed to finance my higher education facing the pressing economic problems. Even worse was a few banks offered such financial aid, afraid of risking their business‘s reputation or economic standing. Therefore, I chose to take up a part-time job [not only to free my family from
economic burden but to accumulate job-specific experience as well. (198)
CET4-1997/6
1)大学生了解社会的必要性 2)了解社会的途径
Why college students take a part-time job?
1.最近几年越来越多的大学生加入打工的队伍 2. 为什么大学生要打工
（三）?- sth - ?
1. CET4-1996/1
1)双休日给大学生带来的好处 2)双休日给大学生带来的问题 3)我应当怎样度过双休日
2. CET4-2000/6
1)很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试 2)也有人持不同意见 3)我的看法和打算
3. 150. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Watching television is
bad for children. Use specific details and examples to support your answer.It has recently been announced that a new movie theater may be built in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. TOEFL 26.
4. The government has announced that it plans to build a new university. Some people think
that your community would be a good place to locate the university. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of establishing a new university in your community. Use specific details in your discussion. TOEFL 113.
（四）? - A - ?
? - B - ?
1. Compare lecture system and discussion system in college. Which one is superior.
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