7) The customers demanded the authorities _____________ those who sell unhealthy food.
8) Many people believe that population explosion causes poverty. But scholars say that it could be just _______ .
9) It is reported that the total U. S. investment in Hong Kong _______ $20. 8 billion.
10) After the terrorist attack, all air passengers were ____________.
11) ____________his hard work, he realized his dream and was admitted to the university at the age of fifty-two.
12) In our city, about 10, 000 high school graduates were admitted to college this year. It about sixty percent of the total.
13) My graduation paper was completed __________________ Professor Chu.
14) In the next five years, the cost of environmental protection projects will_______ $ 55 billion, which is one percent of the nation's GNP.
4.Supply three or four verbs/phrasal verbs, or nouns/noun \ 1) to ___________ a crime 6) to dismiss ____________ 2) to ___________ research 7) to gain _______________ 3) to ___________ a solution 8) to release ____________ 4) to ___________ a threat 9) to lower ______________ 5) to ___________ evidence 10) to pay ______________
5. Choose the right word from the bracket and put it in the proper form.
1) I bought this pair of shoes cheap. It only ______(cost, pay, spend) me 50 yuan. 2) He ________(cost, pay, spend) 2, 000 yuan to get the permission to sit in her class.
3) I finished the test paper quite early, so I was able to____(spend, take) sometime checking what I had done.
4) Helen tried to _____ (convince, persuade) her students that it was not a good idea to specialize too early. 5) We tried to _____ (convince, persuade) them to take our advice, but all our efforts were in vain. 6) Kent was finally ____ (convince, persuade; of the need to read more simplified books. 7) He felt frustrated when his application for membership was ____ (refuse, reject) again.
8) We have very strict quality control over our products. Anything that is imperfect will be____ (refuse, reject).
9) If you go and ask her for help, she will not ______ (refuse, reject). 10) I told him not to overwork, but he ____ (refuse, reject) to listen.
6. Examine the uses of \and then make sentences after the models.
A decade of careful research has failed to provide clear and convincing evidence.. . (para. 3) (to fail to do sth. )
The best estimates suggest that 36 million to 40 million people have arrest records... (para. 1) (to suggest + that-clause)
Other possible uses of \ fail: suggest::
1) Some people are worried that the peace move in that area will fail.
2) They failed in their attempt to rob the bank. Two of them were killed and the rest were arrested. 3) Memory failed him when he wanted to give the figure. 4) Her sight began to fail when she was about 60.
5) Mr. Li praised my paper and suggested a few changes. 6) As the matter is urgent, I suggest going there by air.
7) Wang Wei suggested that we should reconsider her offer.
7. Give the verb patterns of the underlined part in the sentences below, list other possible verbs, and then, based on the information given, complete the sentences with the words given in the brackets. This is why the certainty and severity of punishment must go down when the crime rate goes up. (para. 2)
The decline has made it easier to gain admission... (para. 4) Verb patterns:
Other possible verbs:
1) Robert has decided to build a library in his town next year with his money. This is _______________________________ (what, when, how, where).
2) The two leaders differed in their attitude toward globalization and they finally became rivals. That was _____________________________________ (why, how).
3) In order to win more and more people over, they preached their ideas persistently. That was ________________________________________________ (why, how). 4) We agreed to meet at the entrance of the theatre yesterday. That is ___________________________________(where). 5) —When do you feel truly happy?
—I think it's __________________________________ (when). 6) My grandmother is old and sick. I don't want to leave her alone.
I____________________(feel, necessary)________________________________.
7) Since the new policy was adopted, the central and western parts of China have developed at a much faster speed.
The new policy____________________(make, possible)____________________. 8) Many factories have decided to invest big money in recycling industrial wastes. Many factories __________________(find, profitable)______________________. 9) We should have a highly developed culture if we want to modernize our society.
We_______________________(think, essential)___________________________. 10) We should see our limitations as well as strengths.
We____________________(consider, important)__________________________. 8. Put in the missing words.
We spent a day in the country, picking wild flowers. Our car (1) ________ like a florist's shop inside! On the way (2 )__________we had to stop (3) ______traffic
lights, and there my wife noticed (4)______cupboard. It was tall and narrow, and it stood on the pavement outside a (5)_______shop.
\ wanted one like that. \
What could I do? Ten minutes (7) ______I was ￡20 poorer, and the cupboard was (8) ——————on to the roof rack. It was six feet long and eighteen inches square, quite heavy too. In (9) _____ gathering darkness I drove slowly. (10) __________drivers seemed
unusually polite that evening. The (11) ___ even stopped traffic to let us through. (12)______ furniture was a good idea.
After a time my wife said, \______?\
In fact a police car (15) ______ overtake. The two officers inside looked at us
seriously (16)________they passed. But then, with great kindness, they (17 )______ us through the rush-hour traffic. The police car (18) ______ at our village church. One of the officers came to me.
\
I was a bit (20) ______________. \______________ the road. \
He was (22) _____ at our load: first at the flowers, then at the cupboard. \\—er, something (24) __________. \ My wife began to laugh. Then the truth hit (25) ______ like a stone between the eyes. I smiled (26) ______the officer. \ (27) _________home as fast as I could. III. Grammar
1. Combine each pair of the sentences after the model using the words and expressions below. and (only) to do… so so that
so… that so…as to do… the more…the more…
Model: He quit smoking. His health improved dramatically. — He quit smoking and his health soon improved dramatically.
Or: — He quit smoking so that his health soon improved dramatically. 1) The boy fell off his bike. He broke his leg.
2) It rained all day yesterday. We got nothing done in the fields.
3) The man was very tired. He could hardly put one foot before the other. 4) The old man walked fast. His children found it hard to keep up with him. 5) The man was badly injured. They took him straight to the hospital.
6) He won't give up his present position when jobs are hard to obtain. I don't think he is that stupid. 7) The professor spoke very fast. None of the students could take complete notes. 8) We found much to talk about. It was late at night when we remembered the time.
9) Mr. Hu repeated his remarks in English and French. Nobody misunderstood what he said.
10) The man went to meet a girlfriend he had got to know on the Web. He found she was his own wife. 11) It's something urgent. Please do your best and finish it soon.
12) The medical team must set out immediately. The number of victims they will be able to save depends on how soon they arrive.
2. Rewrite the sentences as shown in the examples. 1) Using \
Example 1: Xiao Li speaks English fluently and so does Xiao Jiang. — Xiao Jiang speaks English as fluently as Xiao Li. Example 2: Jane is intelligent and so is his little brother. — Jane's little brother is as intelligent as she is.
Example 3: She expected to do well in the exam, but she didn't. — She didn't do as well as she had expected.
(1) Children love Hans Christian Andersen's stories very much and so do adults.
(2) Professor Xu's textbook English is very popular in China and New Concept English is almost equally popular.
(3) A policeman's job is dangerous and so is that of a journalist sometimes.
(4) A society needs scientists and economists as well as farmers and factory workers.
(5) At 60, he is still eager to learn, just as he was 40 years ago when he was a college student. (6) We expected the film to be very good but it turned out to be just so-so. (7) He's doing well but his parents want him to do better.
(8) The boys find life at college quite uneventful. They used to think it would be exciting. (9) The guard spoke politely to the boy, just like a host to a welcome guest.
(10) In old age, a man's life is calm and peaceful like a river running through a vast plain. 2) Using \
Example 1: I'm not as careful as he is.
—> He is more careful than me/I am. Example 2: He doesn't swim as well as his sister.
—? His sister swims better than he (does). Example 3: The man doesn't know as much about the Web as his son (does).
—> The man's son knows more about the Web than him/he does. (1) Incomes have not been rising as fast as prices.
(2) Ten years ago, relations between the two countries were not as good as they are now.
(3) Before World War II, the world did not change as fast as it has been changing since its end.
(4) Fifty years ago, scientists didn't know as much about the personal computer as a high school student today.
(5) Fifty years ago, the world wasn't as crowded as it is today.
(6) On the whole, 30 years ago, people weren't living as good a life as they are today. (7) How much you will improve depends on how soon you learn from your mistakes. (8) As you learn more, you will see how little you knew before. 3. Do the following, using expressions of comparison.
1) Interview some of your fellow students. Ask them to compare two persons they know of or two things/places they are familiar with.
2) Compare the world today with what it was like 50 years ago, mentioning both the achievements and the problems.
4. Learn to use the passive voice correctly.
1) The sentences tell us about the changes that have taken place in your hometown in the last twenty years or so. Turn each of them into the passive form and write it down in the space below. (1) We've pulled down most of the slums.
___________________________________________________________. (2) WeVe built quite a lot of decent economic houses for low-income families.
___________________________________________________________. (3) We've widened the main streets and constructed three superhighways. ___________________________________________________________. (4) We've steadily developed the service industry.
___________________________________________________________.
(5) Over the years, the service industry has created thousands of jobs for the residents. ___________________________________________________________. (6) We've done a lot to improve the environment.
___________________________________________________________. (7) We've moved quite a number of factories out of the city.
___________________________________________________________. (8) We‘ve spent a lot of money on education and medical care.
___________________________________________________________.
(9) The universities have enrolled more than 40,000 young people over the last three years. ___________________________________________________________. (10) We‘ve upgraded (使升级) the facilities (设备) of our major hospitals. ___________________________________________________________.
2) Change the infinitive phrases into suggestions, using the pattern \suggest (that) something be done\
Example: to take effective measures to prevent crimes
— I think effective measures should be taken to prevent crimes. Or: — I suggest effective measures be taken to prevent crimes.
(1) to strictly control TV violence
(2) to provide the police force with better equipment and training
(3) to punish criminals/crimes more severely when crimes/they are on the increase (4) to award those who help the police fight crime
(5) to put emphasis on rehabilitation instead of on punishment
(6) to make efforts to turn criminals into useful members of society (7) to give wrongdoers opportunities to start life afresh
(8) not to look down upon lawbreakers who are willing to turn over a new leaf
(9) not to treat released prisoners as criminals any more as long as they behave themselves Write down more suggestions here:
___________________________________________________________.
___________________________________________________________.
___________________________________________________________. IV. Written Work
Answer the question in about 130 words.
Do you agree with the author that severe punishment is not the answer to the problem of crime?
Your answer should cover these points: 1. State your view in the first sentence. 2. Give reasons for your view.
3. Offer your solution to the problem. 答案:
Key to the Exercises II. Vocabulary
1. Practice using the rules of word formation
1)Examine how the words ―approval‖and ―nontraffic‖are formed. Find out the meaning of the suffix \and prefix \ approval: approve + -al nontraffic: non- + traffic
Suffix \ approve + -al ---- approval (n. ) = the act of approving Prefix \
2) Turn the following verbs into nouns by adding \ Verb Noun Verb Noun
renew -> renewal arrive <- arrival deny denial disapprove disapproval dismiss dismissal propose proposal refuse refusal withdraw withdrawal survive survival
3) Add the prefix \ (1) 不侵犯 （6）非专业的；非专业人员 (2）不合作 （7）不抵抗 (3) 不存在 （8）不抽烟者
(4) 非小说作品 （9）不标准的 (5) 不干涉 （10）非暴力
2. Give the opposite of the following.
1) to disapprove 2) uncertainty 3) uncomfortable 4) destruction 5) cheap/inexpensive 6) past
7) rise/increase 8 ) unfeasible/infeasible/impossible/impractical 9) gentle/mild 10) to release
11)minor/unimportant 12) minimum 13) unnecessary 14) powerful 15) unreal 16) to increase
17) to accept 18) to gather/ to collect 19) soft 20) nonviolence
3. Complete the sentences with the expressions listed below in their proper forms. 1) work out to 2) so ... as to 3) due to
4) pay for 5) has charge of 6) was faced with
7) get tough with 8) the other way around 9) works out to/amounts to 10) under (close) supervision
12) works out to 13) under the supervision of 14) amount to
4. Supply three or four verbs/phrasal verbs, or nouns/noun phrases for the following. 1) commit, deter, prevent, punish, reduce (crimes) 2) carry out, conduct, do
3) find, offer, seek, suggest, work out, have 4) carry out, impose, make, present
5) find, gather, give, produce, provide, seek
6) a worker, a class, a proposal, a question, a suggestion, the charge
7) knowledge, experience, strength, weight, speed, permission, approval, admission, advantage 8) a prisoner, a film, a missile, information, news, pain, sb.'s arm, the bird
9) the birth/death/crime rate, one's voice, rent, the interest, the price, the taxes, the standards 10) a debt, cash, rent, the interest, the price, the taxes, the tuition, wages, salary 5. Choose the right word from the bracket and put it in the proper form. 1) cost 2) paid 3) spend 4) convince
5) persuade 6) convinced 7) rejected/refused 8) rejected 9) refuse 10) refused
6. Examine the uses of \and then make sentences after the models. Other possible uses of \ fail: to fail (vi. ) to fail sb.
Suggest: to suggest sth. to suggest doing sth.
to suggest + that-clause in the subjective mood
7. Give the verb patterns of the underlined part in the sentences below, list other possible verbs, and then, based on the information given, complete the sentences with the words given in the brackets. Verb patterns: to be + wh-clause
to make + it + adj. + to-infinitive (phrase)