Unit1. Pub talk and the king’s English

1．And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings．(Animals and birds are not capable of conversation．)

2．Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of vie 3． In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view．

4．People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other's lives．

5． The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong．

6. These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields

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but when we sit down at the table to eat．we call their meat beef．

7． The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the、rulers．

8．The English language received proper recognition and was used by the King once more．

9. The phrase,the King's English,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes． The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people．

10. There still exists in the working peopleas in the early Saxon peasants

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a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class．

11． There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.For example,the word \nting a kind of animal．We mustn't regard the word \ing the animal itself．

12. Even the most educated and literate people do not use standard，formal English all the time in their conversation． Unit2.Marrakech

1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up. 2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).

3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name. 4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making. 5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited. 6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.

7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable. 8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.

9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. would not be interesting)．

10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil． 11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community

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that

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she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal． 12．People with brown skins are almost invisible． 13The Senegales soldiers were wearing readymade khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful

well—built bodies．

14．How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us?。 15.every

Every white man

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the onlookers

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the officers on their horses and the white N．C．Os．marching with the black soldiers

had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind． . unit3. Inaugural Address

. 1. Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.

2. This much we promise to do and we promise to do more. 3. United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings.

4. We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries. 5. The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace.

6. We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in whi

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ch its authority and mandate would continue to be in effect or in force.

7. before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place 8. Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind's final war. 9. So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate)and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness. 10. Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things it can do.

11. Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their country's cause).

12.Let history finally judge whether we have done our task welt or not, but our sure reward will be a good con-science for we will have worked sincerely and to the best of our ability. unit5. the sad young men

1. At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.