world.

到昨天为止，我们已经收到了来自世界各地的1000多封信。

③Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.

演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。

④By the time the messenger reached him，the damage had been done. 送信人赶到他那儿时，损失已经造成了。

⑤That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. 那是她第二次看见她的祖父了。 考点总结

1．过去完成时的构成为“had＋done”。表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语(before，after，by，up till)，这种时态从来不孤立使用。

2．动词hope，expect，think，intend，mean，want，suppose，plan用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。

3．在“hardly (scarcely)．..when...，no sooner...than...”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意思为“一……就……”。

4．by，by the end，by the time，until，before，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句，主句用过去完成时。

5．表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。 考点九 将来完成时

①[2017·陕西西安二检]By the time Mr Smith arrives at the supermarket，we will have stayed there for one hour.

等到史密斯先生到达超市时，我们将已经在那里待一个小时了。 ②—I will have finished my project by the time you come to London. —Great.This way you can act as my guide. ——等你到伦敦时我就把我的工作做完了。

——太好了。这样你就可以做我的导游了。 考点总结

将来完成时的构成为“will＋have＋done”。主要表示某一动作到将来某个时间为止已完成，上下文情景中常含有by短语，如by six o'clock，by the weekend，by the end of next month等。

考点十 现在完成进行时

①[2015·福建]—Where is Peter？I can't find him anywhere.

—He went to the library after breakfast and has been writing his essay there ever since.

——彼得在哪里？我到处都找不到他。

——他吃过早饭后去了图书馆，从那时起一直在那里写文章。 ②[2016·北京]—Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for? —The new Star Wars.We have been waiting here for more than two hours. ——对不起，你们在等什么电影？

——新版的《星球大战》。我们在这里等了两个多小时了。 ③You have been saying you can succeed for five years. 五年来你一直在说你能成功。 考点总结

1．现在完成进行时的构成为“have/has＋been＋doing”。表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去，常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。

2．表示重复性动作。 3．表示某种感情色彩。 考点十一 过去完成进行时

①[2017·福建泉州三校联考]I walked into the department of licensing and greeted my dad，who had been waiting for me patiently for two hours.(动作不再继续)

我走进驾照办理部门，和父亲打了招呼，此时他在那里已经耐心地等我两个小时了。

②After searching for half an hour，the man realized that his pen had been lying on the table all the time.(动作仍在继续)

寻找了半个小时之后，这个人意识到他的钢笔一直都在桌子上。 考点总结

过去完成进行时的构成为“had＋been＋doing”。主要表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作。表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去某一时间，这一动作可能已经停止也可能还在进行。

考点十二 被动语态的构成

①[2016·北京]The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.

这些学生一直在努力学习功课，他们的努力最终会以成功作为回报。 ②[2015·天津]Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement has been reached so far by the two sides.

尽管以前进行了多轮的谈判，但到目前为止双方尚未达成任何协议。 ③[2015·北京]—Did you enjoy the party? —Yes.We were treated well by our hosts. ——你们在聚会上玩得愉快吗？ ——是的，我们被主人们招待地很好。 考点总结 时体 一般 进行 现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 will/shall be done — will/shall have been done 过去将来 would/should be done — would/should have been done 完成 [名师点津] “get＋过去分词”表示被动。

More and more people are getting attacked in the underground these days. 近来，越来越多的人在地铁里遭到袭击。 考点十三 主动表示被动的用法 ①His plan proved (to be)practical. 他的计划被证明符合实际。

②His books sell well，so they will be sold soon. 他的书很畅销，因此很快就会卖光。

③The door won't open，so we will ask a repairman to open it. 这门打不开，所以我们请修理工打开它。

④As a result of the serious flood，two－thirds of the buildings in the area deserve repairing/to be repaired.

由于严重的洪灾，在这个地区三分之二的大楼需要修理。 考点总结

1．“系动词look，sound，feel，smell，taste，appear，seem，go，prove，turn，stay，become，fall，get，grow，keep＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构。

2．表示主语的某种属性特征的不及物动词，如read，write，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，cook，lock，shut等，用主动形式表示被动含义。

3．动词want，need，require，deserve后接不定式的被动形式或动名词的主动形式，意义相同。

◆谓语动词与语法填空

在语法填空中，动词的时态是必考内容。其中，最常考的是一般过去时或者主语是第三人称单数的一般现在时态，以及现在进行时、过去进行时和一般将来时。

被动语态是常考的内容，会涉及一般现在时或一般过去时的被动语态。 [典题试做1]

用所给动词的正确形式填空

1．[2016·全国Ⅰ]So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not－for

－profit Panda Base，where ticket money helps pay for research.I ________(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600－acre centre.

2．[2016·全国Ⅲ]Truly elegant chopsticks might ________(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.

3．[2016·四川]The giant panda________ (love) by people throughout the world. 4．[2016·北京]I ________(read) half of the English novel，and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.

5．[2016·天津]When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I ________(see) for years.

6．[2015·全国Ⅰ]It was raining lightly when I ________(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn't care.

7．[2015·全国Ⅱ]This cycle ________ (go) day after day：The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures.

8．[2015·福建]To my delight，I ________(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.

9．[2015·湖南]As you go through this book，you ________(find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.

10．[2015·湖南]I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I ________(ask)，“What do you wish me to do now？”

答案：1.was allowed 2.be made 3.is loved

4．have read 5.hadn't seen 6.arrived 7.goes 8.was chosen 9.will find 10.asked

[应对策略1]

1．句中若缺少谓语，注意要考虑所给动词的时态和语态。判断时态首先要确定时间，然后根据动作发生的状态来判断应该运用哪种时态。有时也可以根据空格后和该句中已经存在的谓语动词的并列关系来确定时态。

2．句中缺少谓语，且与主语存在被动关系，考虑根据时间和动作存在的方式，确定相应时态的被动语态。注意只有及物动词才有被动语态。

3．在确定谓语动词的时态和语态时，我们可从四个方面来进行判断： (1)看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句。