第一章 绪论
7、某点的经度为118°45′ ,试计算它所在6°带及3°带的带号,以及中央子午线的经度是多少?
答:N=INT(118°45′/6+1)=20 L=20*6-3=117° n=INT(118°45′/3+1)=40 l=40*3=120°
第二章 水准测量
1、设A为后视点,B为前视点;A点高程是20.016m。当后视读数为1.124m,前视读数为1.428m,问A、B两点高差是多少?B点比A点高还是低?B点的高程是多少?并绘图说明。
答:hAB?1.124?1.428??0.304m HB?20.016?0.304?19.712m B点比A点低 7、调整表2-3中附合路线等外水准测量观测成果,并求出各点的高程。
hAB?61.819?57.967?3.852m?hAB?4.363?2.413?3.121?1.263?2.716-3.715?3.919mfh?3.919?3.852?0.067mfh ??127?3?4?5?6?8??68mmH1?HA?h1?v1?57.967?4.363?H2?H1?h2?v2H3?H2?h3?v3H4?H3?h4?v4H5?H4?h5?v5H6?H5?h6?v6?0.067?7?62.316m33?0.067?62.316?2.413??3?64.723m33?0.067?64.723?3.121??4?61.594m33?0.067?61.594?1.263??5?62.847m33?0.067?62.847?2.716??6?65.551m33?0.067?65.551?3.715??8?61.820m 338、调整图2-40所示的闭合水准路线的观测成果,并求出各点的高程。
fh??h ?1.224-1.424?1.781-1.714?0.108?-0.025mmfh ??1210?8?8?11?12??84mmfh?fh , 0.025?10?45.559m490.025H2?H1?h2?v2?45.559?1.424??8?44.139m
490.025H3?H2?h3?v3?44.139?1.781??8?45.924m490.025H4?H3?h4?v4?45.924?1.714??11?44.216m490.025H10?H4?h5?v5?44.216?0.108??12?44.330m49H1?H10?h1?v1?44.330?1.224?10、设A、B两点相距80m,水准仪安置于中点C,测得A点尺上读数a1=1.321m,B点尺上的读数b1=1.117m;
仪器搬至B点附近,又测得B点尺上的读数b2=1.466m,A点尺上读数a2=1.695m。试问该仪器水准管轴是否平行于视准轴?如不平行,应如何校正?
hab?1.321?1.117?0.204m??1.695?1.466?0.229mhab
??habhab??1.466?0.204?1.670ma2水准管轴和视准轴不平行。校正方法:调节微倾螺旋使读数为1.670m,调节管水准器一端的调节螺旋使水准管气泡居中。
第三章 角度测量
5、整理表3-5测回法观测水平角的记录手簿。
水平角观测记录(测回法)测站 盘位 目标左O右ABAB 读数0 02 00120 18 24180 02 06300 18 06 半测回角值120 16 24120 16 12120 16 00 平均角值 备注24″<40″第四章 距离测量和直线定向
3、用钢尺丈量AB、CD两段距离,AB往测为232.355m,返测为232.340m;CD段往测为145.682m,返测为145.690m。两段距离丈量精度是否相同?为什么?两段丈量结果各为多少?
?DAB?232.355?232.340?0.015mDAB??232.355?232.340?/2?232.348m?D10.0151???KDAB232.34815400?DCD?145.682?145.690??0.008mDCD??145.682?145.690?/2?145.686m?D10.0081???KDCD145.686182007、已知A点的磁偏角为西偏21′,过A点的真子午线与中央子午线的收敛角为+3′,直线AB的坐标方位角α=64°20′,求AB直线的真方位角与磁方位角。
A?????64o20??3??64o23?Am?A???6423??(?21?)?6444?oo
第六章 测量误差的基本理论
5、函数z=z1+z2,其中z1=x+2y,z2=2x-y,x和y相互独立,其mx=my=m,求mz。
z?z1?z2?x?2y?2x?y?3x?ymz??9mx?m?10m22y
6、进行三角高程测量,按h=Dtanα计算高差,已知α=20°,mα=±1′,D=250m,mD=±0.13m,求高差中
误差mh。
22mh??(tan?)2mD?(Dsec2?)2m???(tan20)2?0.132?(250?sec220)2?(??0.094m602)
2062657、用经纬仪观测某角共8个测回,结果如下:56°32′13″,56°32′21″,56°32′17″,56°32′14″,56°32′19″,56°32′23″,56°32′21″,56°32′18″,试求该角最或是值及其中误差。
nv?x?lv1?5.25??,v2??2.75??,v3?1.25??,v4?4.25?? v5?1.25??,v6??4.75??,v7??2.75??,v8?0.25??m??x??l??56o32?18.25???vv?n?1??3.515??,mx?mn??1.24??8、用水准仪测量A、B两点高差9次,得下列结果(以m为单位):1.253,1.250,1.248,1.252,1.249,1.247,1.250,1.249,1.251,试求A、B两点高差的最或是值及其中误差。
1.253?1.250?1.248?1.252?1.249?1.247?1.250?1.249?1.251?1.250m9v1??0.003m,v2?0m,v3?0.002m,v4??0.002m,v5?0.001m,x?v6?0.003m,v7?0m,v8?0.001m,v9??0.001mm??
?vv?n?1mmx???0.6346mmnmn15n??1.90mm9、用经纬仪测水平角,一测回的中误差m=+15″,欲使测角精度达到m=±5″,需观测几个测回?
mx?,5?,n?9
第七章 控制测量
3、已知A点坐标xA=437.620,yA=721.324;B点坐标xB=239.460,yB=196.450。求AB之方位角及边长。
?YAB?196.450?721.324??524.874m,?XAB?239.460?437.620??198.16?YAB?0,?XAB?0?524.874?AB?180?arctan?180?69o18?59.6???249o18?59.6???198.16DAB?561.035m
4、闭合导线1-2-3-4-5-1的已知数据及观测数据列入表7-30,计算各导线点的坐标。
f??87o51?12???150o20?12???125o06?42???87o29?12???89o13?42???(5?2)?180o?1??1??87o51?12???12???87o51?00????150o20?12???12???150o20?00???2??125o06?42???12???125o06?30???3??87o29?12???12???87o29?00???4??89o13?42???12???89o13?30???5?12?126o45?00????126o45?00???180o?150o20?00???156o25?00???23??12?180o??2??156o25?00???180o?125o06?30???211o18?30???34??23?180o??3??211o18?30???180o?87o29?00???303o49?30???45??34?180o??4??303o49?30???180o?89o13?30???34o36?00???51??45?180o??5?12??51?180o??1??34o36?00???180o?87o51?00???126o45?00???X12?D12cos?12??64.386,?Y12?D12sin?12?86.223?X23?D23cos?23??66.390,?Y23?D23sin?23?28.982?X34?D34cos?34??153.721,?Y34?D34sin?34??93.494?X45?D45cos?45?99.853,?Y45?D45sin?45??149.018?X51?D51cos?51?184.794,?Y51?D51sin?51?127.481fx??64.386?66.390?153.721?99.853?184.794?0.15fy?86.223?28.982?93.494?149.018?127.481?0.174f?fx2?fy2?0.152?0.1742?0.2301f0.23011????K?D763.8533002000?fx0.15???X12??X12?D12??64.386??107.61??64.407?D763.85?fy0.174???Y12??Y12?D12?86.223??107.61?86.198?D763.85???66.404,?Y23??28.965,?X34????153.756,?Y34???93.535,?X23??99.818,?Y45???149.059,?X51??184.750,?Y51??127.430,?X45??500?64.407?435.593X2?X1??X12??500?86.198?586.198Y2?Y1??Y12X3?369.189,Y3?615.163,X4?215.433,Y4?521.628,X5?315.251,Y5?372.569,X1?500.001,Y1?499.9995、附合导线的已知数据及观测数据列入表7-31,计算附合导线各点的坐标。
f???AB??CD?4?180o????54????120o30?14??,?1??212o15?44??,?2??145o10?13??,?C??170o19?01???B??104o29?46???B1??AB?180o??B?12?72o14?02??,?2C?107o03?49??,?CD?116o44?48???XB1?DB1cos?B1?297.26?cos104o29?46????74.408m,?YB1?287.797,?X12?57.307,?Y12?178.853,?X2C??27.407,?Y2C?89.288,fx??74.408?57.307?27.407?(155.37?200.00)?0.122m,fy??0.122mf?0.173,?D?297.26?187.81?93.40?578.471f11???K?D33002000f0.122?1??XB1?x?DB1??74.408??1?287.860m,?XB?297.26??74.471m,?YB?D578.47??57.267m,?Y12??178.893m,?X2?C??27.427m,?Y2?C?89.308m?X12?1?200.00?74.471?125.529m,Y1?487.860,X1?XB??XBX2?182.796m,Y2?666.753m,XC?155.369m,Y2?756.061m,
第八章 大比例尺地形图测绘
4、某地的纬度=34°10′,经度=108°50′,试求该地区划1:1000000、1:100000、1:10000这三种图幅的图号。
答:I-49,I-49-62,I-49-62-(30) 5、用视距测量的方法进行碎部测量时,已知测站点的高程H站=400.12m,仪器高i=1.532m,上丝读数0.766,下丝读数0.902,中丝读数0.830,竖盘读数L=98°32′48″,试计算水平距离及碎部点的高程。(注:该点为高于水平视线的目标点。)
D?kncos2??100?(0.902?0.766)cos2(98o32?48???90o)?13.30m1H?H ?knsin2??i?l2
1?400.12??100?(0.902?0.766)sin2?(98o32?48???90o)?1.532?0.8302?402.82m第十一章 道路中线测量
3、已知路线导线的右角β:(1)β=210°42′;(2)β=162°06′。试计算路线转角值,并说明是左转角还是右转角。
(1)??21042??180?3042?路线为左转角 (2)??180?16206??1754?路线为右转角
4、在路线右角测定之后,保持原度盘位置,如果后视方向的读数为32°40′00″,前视方向的读数为172°18′12″,试求出分角线方向的度盘读数。 答:分角线方向的度盘读数为:
oooooo172o18?12???32o40?00??3240?00????102o29?06??
2o