communicating with each other by e-mail since then; the more Jeff knows Rose, the more he likes her. 4.这个措施不仅有效地为下岗工人提供了就业机会，而且还有效地控制了物价上涨。

This new measure is effective not only in providing job opportunities for the laid-off workers, but in limiting price increases.

5.同样，他们对这一阴谋的政治和经济背景认识得不够充分。

Similarly/Likewise, they insufficiently treated the political

and

economic

background

of

the

conspiracy.

6.大规模的货币投资，一方面满足了经济高速增长的需要，另一方面也造成了通货膨胀。

Tremendous capital input has met the needs of rapid economic growth on the one hand and has caused the inflation on the other.

V. Writing Practice

1. (5) Now they scan their list of events and decide

which can be used and which must be discarded.

(2) They begin by listing the events they plan to

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relate and arranging them in time order. (6) Before they go any further with their

organization, they decide what will determine the plane 2 sentences.

(1) They usually jot down all of the events related

to their subject.

(8) After they have determined the planes of their

ideas, they then revise and add any connectors that are necessary to the reader’s understanding of the narrative.

(3) Next, they look over the chronological listing and form a purpose for their paragraph

(9) With the steps completed, they have a unified

paragraph with the details arranged in time sequence.

(4) At this point, they write the topic sentence and state the purpose as the controlling idea.

(7) At the same time, they decide what material is necessary to support these plane 2 sentences.

2. Comments:

A paragraph that has sentences that do not relate to or discuss the controlling idea lacks unity. The

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topic of this paragraph is “another problem facing a number of elderly people,” and the control-ling idea is “living on a reduced income”. Therefore, all of the sentences should deal with the idea of the problem of living on a reduced income. In the paragraph, though, there are three sentences that do not discuss this particular topic’ “Of course, sometimes they can’t go out because of their health. Maybe they have arthritis or rheumatism and it is painful for them to move around. This can also change their life--style”. These sentences should be taken out of this paragraph and perhaps developed in another paragraph.

Key to Supplementary Readings A 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. C

B l.B 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.A.

课文参考译文:

抚养孩子

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1. 人们一般认为孩子最初几年的经历对其性格以及以后

个性的培养影响很大。每一种经历都会教给孩子一些东西，而且其影响也在日积月累。抚养通常指在家里对孩子的培养和锻炼；这和学校对孩子的培养和锻炼密切相关。二者之间的区别则在于学校所做的通常被称为“教育”。在我们的社会里，家长与教师都要对孩子今后的发展负责，因而父母的抚养和学校的教育相辅相成、缺一不可。

2. 由于各种文化间的差异，抚养和教育孩子的观念和做

法不尽相同。一般说来，社会中农业所占的比重越大，抚养孩子的方法也就越相同。在科技更发达的社会里，童年和青少年时期往往大大延长，结果儿童就有更多的受教育的机会，儿童性格的发展就更多样化。 3. 早期的家庭抚养自然受社会文化模式、父母自身能力

和他们培养孩子目标的影响，同时不仅受到孩子抚养和教育的制约，还受孩子先天能力的制约。即使在同一个家庭里成长的孩子，其智力和性情都存在着巨大的差异。

4. 父母可以通过阅读某些儿童教育领域的科技知识图

书，也可以通过与有孩子的亲朋好友比较抚养孩子的记录，来弄清楚孩子的体格发育、正常的智力和社交能力的发展是否正常，尽管后者由于实例较少而没有

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前者获得的知识更具可靠性。

5. 然而有头脑的父母意识到每个家庭都有其独特的背

景，不可能用严格的通用的模式来抚养孩子。在他们做决策和解决问题时，一般性的知识仅供他们参考。例如怎样帮助孩子克服语言缺陷、如何解决孩子学走路较晚或者控制身体功能方面的问题，这时他们需要的是具体的建议。从广义上讲，抚养问题是各自家庭内部关系的问题，首要的是孩子与父母在一起要有安全感，这取决于父母双方对待孩子的态度要一致。 6. 所有的父母都要解决好自由和约束之间的关系。孩子

越小，母亲就越要满足孩子的需要以免使他失望。母亲知道如果孩子的能力不能发挥出来，他日后的发展将会受到阻碍。小孩子需要玩泥、玩沙和玩水，允许他把东西弄得乱七八糟，这是孩子发现期的触摸阶段。而后再给孩子一些玩具和图书，这些东西给孩子身体带来的快乐比较少。应该注意的是孩子的每个阶段都建立在圆满完成前期活动的基础之上。

7. 孩子缺少某一个成长阶段或者没有充分经历该阶段的

时候，他很有可能要重新经历这个时期来获取欠缺的经验。一个好的家庭应该尽量为孩子创造各种生活环境，给他玩发条汽车和玩具火车，如果需要的话可以让他玩到任何年龄段。实际上这种做法是心理疗法的基础，医生们常用它治疗孩子的心理障碍，也是儿童

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