十大词性 句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习(附答案) 下载本文

(3) 同源宾语

少数不及物动词后面能跟一个特定的名词作宾语,这个名词和前面的动词在词根上相同的或者在意义上是相近的,这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。同源宾语前面常有修饰语。

laugh a good laugh 大笑 blow a heavy blow 沉重的一击 smile a sweet smile 甜甜的微笑 dream a terrible dream 做了一个恶梦 die a brave death 死得英勇 live a happy life 过着幸福的生活

4. 表语(在系动词之后)

说明主语是什么样的。(身份 状态 特征 类属 性质等) 表语与前面的系动词一起构成谓语。 His father is an experienced teacher. (名词)

She is over fifty, but she doesn’t look it. (名词、代词) These students are careful while others are careless. (形容词) The class meeting was over at last. (副词) Be quiet; they are at work now. (介词短语)

His hobby is collecting foreign stamps. (动名词短语) My wish is to become a doctor in the future. (不定式短语) The news of her success is really exciting. (现在分词)(已形容词化) That is where your mistakes are. (名词性从句) 总结: 与系动词一起构成谓语。

5. 定语(商品外包装——起修饰作用)

定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语,它常和名词构成名词短语。定语可分为前置定语和后置定语两种。 (1) 前置定语

可以充当前置定语的有形容词、代词、数词、名词和名词所有格、动词的-ing形式、动词的-ed形式等。 Many people have helped with (canned) food. (过去分词) Open (your) mouth and put out (your) tongue. (代词的所有格) She cut the cake into (two) pieces. (数词) I want to buy some (coffee) cups. (名词) Put the child in the (sleeping) bag. (动名词)

You should adapt to the (changing) situation. (现在分词)

(2) 后置定语

可以充当后置定语的有形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式(短语),动词的-ing短语,动词的-ed短语,从句等。

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All people (present at the party) were his supporters. (形容词短语) I have got something (interesting) to tell every one of you. (形容词) The buildings (around) were badly damaged. (副词) The books (on the top shelf) were just bought. (介词短语) Let’s try another way (to do this). (不定式)

There is a gentleman (asking to see you). (现在分词短语)

Most of the people (invited to the party) were famous scientists. (过去分词) He lost his new pen (that was bought last week). (定语从句)

6. 状语(商品标签)

状语是用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或句子的一种句子成分。它可以表示时间,地点,方式,程度,原因,目的,结果,条件和让步等关系。可以充当状语的有副词,介词短语,不定式,分词,,形容词,名词和从句。

[At the news], the mother stood [there], [greatly surprised]. (介词短语、副词、形容词) They held the English party [in the open air]. (介词短语) Just wait [a moment]; I am dressing myself. (名词)

[To hear more clearly], she sat in the front of the classroom. (不定式)

[Finishing all her homework], she surfed the Internet for a while. (现在分词短语) [Seen from the top of the hill], the small city looks more beautiful. (过去分词短语) Don’t leave here [until you work out the math problem]. (时间状语从句) 7. 补语

补足语用来说明宾语或主语的性质,状态等的一种句子成分。名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,现在分词,过去分词,不定式等皆可以作补足语。

宾补: 补充说明宾语怎么样了。

I saw nobody so I left. (副词)

You’d better keep the books on the desk. (现在分词)

The mother didn’t allow her daughter at night. (不定式) The coming exam keeps me . (形容词短语) When he arrived, he found all the people . (过去分词)

主补: 补充说明主语怎么样。

These things should be kept . (介词短语) He was elected of the company. (名词)

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句子成分的排序口诀:

主在前,谓中间,宾语状语排后面。 短语定语主宾后,形、代定语主宾前。 间接宾语若在后,直、间要用 to, for 连。

宾补谓语宾语后,地状常在时状前。

(二)、五种基本句型

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一、 S V (主+谓) 二、 S V P (主+系+表) 三、 S V O (主+谓+宾)

四、 S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五、 S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)

基本句型 一:S V (主+谓)

主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!

谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.

此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

S │ V (不及物动词)

1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。

4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢?

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6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。

基本句型 二: S V P (主+系+表)

此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻

S │V(是系动词)│ P

1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。 3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。 4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。 5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮

6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。 8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。

基本句型 三: S V O (主+谓+宾)

此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等

S │V(及物动词)│ O

1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案? 2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。 3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。 4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。

5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。 6. He │said │\他说:\早上好!\7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。

8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。

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