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5) let alone cook a meal

4. a) is increasingly … to accelerate … their investment

b) economy … make an earnest … domestic … strike a balance between c) a handful of … be endorsed by … on a large scale II. Word Formation WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织 GDP ATM VAT CAD IT IDD MTV Radar IOC VIP Laser CPU gross domestic product automated teller machine value-added tax computer-aided design information technology international direct dialing music television radio detecting and ranging International Olympic Committee very important person 国内生产总值 自动出纳机 增值税 计算机辅助设计 信息技术 国际直拨电话 音乐电视 雷达 国际奥委会 贵宾，大人物 light amplification by stimulated emission of 激光 radiation central processing unit 中央处理器 III. Usage 1) An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday. 2) The reason (he gave) that he didn’t notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory. 3) Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends. 4) Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon. Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze

1. 1) academics 2) networking 3) a variety of 4) growth 5) vanish 6) facilitate 7) endorsing 8) outlook 9) sweeping aside 10) patriotic

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11) erasing 12) strike a balance 2.

1. aided 2. effects 3. distances 4. connected 5. invested 6. features 7. prevailing 8. qualitatively 9. volume 10. Distinguishing II. Translation

1. 1) Due to his pessimistic outlook on the European economy, John has moved his assets from Europe to elsewhere.

2) I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committed to work.

3) Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children, Mary cares more about her personal growth.

4) Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues are at odds with you?

5) The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries.

2. Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example, young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas to look for jobs. And for those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises, English has become increasingly important. At the same time, a considerable number of overseas Chinese students have returned home in recent years, for they hold an optimistic outlook for the long-term growth of the Chinese economy. The Internet has strengthened the links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere. They follow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions. Some of them don’t seem to care for traditional Chinese virtues, let alone carry them forward, which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish. Unit 5

Vocabulary I.

1. 1) In a way 2) in accordance with 3) vacancy 4) in good condition 5) transparent 6) rub 7) spicy 8) hitherto 9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12) current 2. 1) turned up 2) will stick to 3) brought back 4) go about

5) driving at 6) put … away 7) turning … over 8) took … aback 3. 1) has a very weak constitution --- she may not be able to survive the operation. 2) was taken aback by the insurance company’s rejection of my compensation claim

3) was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that. 4) needs trimming/ to be trimmed --- it’s getting too long. 5) are often deceptive

4. 1) Oddly enough … went broke … wrinkled … he had gone all to pieces 2) definite … is capable of … her vanity 3) too mild … sipping … stroke

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II. Usage

1. Except for 2. except that 3. except 4. except when 5. except to 6. except what 7. except where 8. except that III. vocabulary spelling AmE BrE AmE BrE apartment flat favorable favourable can tin paralyze paralyse candy sweets labor labour elevator lift meter metre faculty staff (of a university) catalog catalogue first floor ground floor leveling levelling gas, gasoline petrol theater theatre mail post defense defence railroad railway plow plough pants trousers program programme subway tube, underground practice (v.) practise corn maize characterize characterise store shop tire tyre (on a car) Comprehensive exercises I. Cloze

1. 1) insane 2) current 3) candid 4) capable 5) was taken aback 6) in good condition 7) constitution 8) go all to pieces 9) gone broke 10) vacancy 11) mild 12) deceptive

2. 1) suspected 2) pleading 3) confirmed 4) stunned 5) lucrative 6) jewellery 7) wealthy 8) urge 9) spell 10) arrested II. Translation

1. 1) I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he is something of an adventurer.

2) He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposed to noises. 3) The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto in force. 4) Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting, but only a few turned up.

5) The teacher’s affectionate words, along with his candid comments, changed the way Mike perceived the society and himself.

2. For my own part, I find that appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance, you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton. In appearance, he seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes, gentle and candid. Nevertheless, he turned out to be very cruel. He insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Lenny’s death. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.

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Unit 6

Vocabulary

1. 1) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution 5) prosperity 6) decorate

7) famine 8) large quantities of / a large quantity of 9) streamline 10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12) bewildered

2. 1) eat into 2) cling to 3) stand out / stood out 4) wears away 5) set about 6) switch off 7) will be turned loose 8) poured in 3. 1) is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent.

2) to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out by the heat and flames.

3) was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get more involved with issues of market demand.

4) can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at ￡900 and dresses at ￡2,000.

5) has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order to keep her body in shape.

4. 1) reaction to … discontent … provoked

2) Convention … evading tax … the confines of

3) a burden … are always on the go / seem forever on the go … to cope II. Confusable Words

1. 1) nervousness 2) tension 3) stress … stress 4) tension 2. 1) honorary 2) Honorable 3) honorable 4) honorary 5) honorable 6) Honorary III. Usage

1) Dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may ask, to spend large sums of money to save some species – be it an elephant or an orchid – in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line?

2) This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly screened --- at airports, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings. However, experts suspect, there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves.

3) With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce, often due to financial difficulties, you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage. But, believe it or not, it isn’t money that ensures you a happy marriage; it is your philosophy of life that does.

4) Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sites promoting violence are just a click away, and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices.

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Comprehensive Exercises

1. 1) switch off 2) obliged 3) on the go 4) cope

5) shortage 6) large quantity of 7) pouring in 8) by nature 9) fraction 10) futile

2. 1) advantage 2) wisely 3) faithfully 4) waking 5) includes 6) schedule 7) sticking 8) priorities 9) set 10) respect Translation

1. 1) They are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.

2) Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge into my head.

3) The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.

4) The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building.

5) In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.

2. Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well / good money.

Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities. Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.

Unit 7

Vocabulary: I.

1. 1) divined 2) nerves 3) solidarity 4) sacred … mourn 5) coated 6) perish 7) hijack 8) grief 9) farewell 10) take revenge on 11) revolves 12) denounced 2. 1) drop… off 2) applied for 3) went off 4) are gaining on 5) bring down 6) blotted out 7) think back on 8) picking at 3. 1) brought down the American housing market in 2008 2) what will happen after his son steps into his shoes? 3) not in the mood to go out

4) long before the market began to show signs of weakness 5) mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in the countryside 4. 1) in the aftermath of … to blot our … the tragic 2) armed … at dust … accomplices … explosives 3) in the space of … no illusion II. Collocation: