第二课 免病学题库(有答案) 下载本文

细 菌

一、单项选择题

1.在下述的微生物中,哪种属于真核细胞型微生物 ······················ ( B ) A.细菌 C.螺旋体 E.病毒

2.与细菌基本结构无关的结构是 ··············································· ( E ) A.细胞膜 C.细胞核 E.细胞核膜

3.下列的哪项结构与消毒灭菌关系最为密切 ······························· ( C ) A.鞭毛 C.芽胞 E.细胞壁

4.局部皮肤用碘酒和酒精涂擦称为············································ ( B ) A.防腐 C.无菌 E.抑菌

5.结核分枝杆菌常用的染色法是 ··············································· ( B ) A.革兰氏染色 C.镀银染色 E.美兰单染色

6.菌群失调的主要原因是 ························································ ( A ) A.长期使用广谱抗生素 C.两种细菌重复感染 E.营养不良

7.紫外线杀菌的原理是 ··························································· ( B ) A.破坏粘肽合成 C.使酶变性

B.真菌 D.放线菌

B.细胞壁 D.细胞质

B.荚膜 D.菌毛

B.消毒 D.灭菌

B.抗酸染色 D.瑞氏染色

B.多种细菌交叉感染 D.细菌寄居部位改变

B.干扰DNA合成 D.使蛋白质凝固

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E.以上都不是

8.下列的哪一项不属于原核细胞型微生物 ·································· ( E ) A.肺炎支原体 C.斑疹伤寒立克次体 E.麻疹病毒

9.青霉素抗菌作用的机理是下述的哪一项 ·································· ( C ) B.结核分枝杆菌 D.钩端螺旋体

A.破坏细胞膜的通透性 B.干扰蛋白质合成 C.干扰粘肽合成 D.破坏核糖核酸合成

E.破坏脱氧核糖核酸合成

10.临床上最常用的灭菌方法为 ················································ ( A.焚烧法 B.烧灼法

C.间歇灭菌法 D.高压蒸汽灭菌法

E.煮沸法

11.热原质的成份是 ······························································· ( A.磷壁酸 B.脂多糖 C.蛋白质 D.肽聚糖

E.核糖核酸

12.革兰氏染色时,用不上的试剂是哪一种 ································· ( A.碘液 B.95%酒精 C.美蓝液 D.稀释复红液

E.结晶紫液

13.下述的哪一项不是细菌生长繁殖的必需条件 ··························· ( A.营养物质 B.PH值 C.气体 D.温度

E.光线

14.下列各部位中,没有正常菌群寄居的是 ································· ( A.皮肤 B.消化道 C.呼吸道 D.泌尿生殖道

E.血液

15.噬菌体是一类 ·································································· (

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D ) B ) C )E ) E )B )

A.植物的病毒 C.真菌的抗体 E.以上都不是

B.细菌的病毒 D.细菌的抗体

16.细菌的毒力主要取决于 ······················································ ( D ) A.侵入的数量 B.侵袭力的强弱 C.毒素的强弱 D.侵袭力、毒素的强弱

E.侵入的途径

17.可选用紫外线消毒的物体有 ················································ ( A.人体皮肤 B.污染的桌面 C.生理盐水 D.注射器

E.手术器械

18控制细菌性状的遗传物质是. ··············································· ( A.菌毛 B.荚膜 C.中介体 D.核质

E.鞭毛

19.不属于细菌合成代谢产物的是 ············································· ( A.外毒素 B.热原质 C.维生素 D.抗毒素

E.CO2

20.人体中没有正常菌群存在的部位是 ······································· ( A.皮肤 B.鼻咽部 C.阴道 D.胸腔

E.外耳道

21.酒精的杀菌原理是 ···························································· ( A.使菌体蛋白变性或凝固 B.破坏细菌酶系统 C.改变细胞膜通透性 D.抑制细胞壁的合成

E.改变核酸的代谢

22.细菌内毒素的特点是 ························································· ( A.主要为G+菌产生 B.化学成分为蛋白质 C.毒性作用相似

D.抗原性强

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B ) D ) D ) D ) A ) C ) E.不耐热

23.与细菌毒力有关的结构是 ··················································· ( D ) A.核质 C.细胞浆 E.细胞壁

24.G+菌细胞壁的成份是 ························································· ( D ) B.细胞膜 D.荚膜

A.磷脂 B. 脂蛋白 C.脂多糖 D. 粘肽

E外膜

25.高压蒸汽灭菌法常用温度和时间是 ······································· ( A. 121.3℃ 30~60分钟 B. 121.3℃ 15~30分钟 C. 125.3℃ 10分钟 D. 150.3℃ 5分钟

E. 250.3℃ 2分钟

26.细菌繁殖方式是 ······························································· ( A.二分裂 B.出芽 C.芽胞形成 D.复制

E.分枝

27.关于芽胞错误的是 ···························································· ( A.适宜环境发芽 B.抵抗力强 C.新陈代谢低 D.能分裂繁殖

E.芽胞内含水量少

28.使用广谱抗生素引起伪膜性肠炎多属于 ································· ( A.食物中毒 B.细菌性痢疾 C.菌群失调症 D.过敏性反应

E.医院内感染

29.最重要的传染源是 ···························································· ( A.带菌者 B.病人家属 C.患病病人 D.恢复期病人

E.患病动物

30.革兰氏阳性菌对青霉素敏感是由于 ······································· (

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B ) A ) D ) C ) A ) E )

A.裂解细胞壁多糖链 C.酶系统被破坏 E.肽聚糖合成受阻

B.蛋白质合成抑制 D.DNA复制受阻

31.手术器械、敷料的灭菌常用 ················································ ( A ) A.高压蒸汽灭菌法 B.煮沸法 C.流通蒸汽法 D.间歇灭菌法

E.巴氏消毒法

32.制备卡介菌,结核杆菌发生的变异是属于 ······························ ( A.形态变异 B.结构变异 C.毒力变异 D.耐药性变异

E.菌落的变异

33.外毒素的毒性作用特点是 ··················································· ( A.引起体温升高 B.引起微循环障碍 C.引起脓毒血症 D.引起DIC

E.对组织有选择性毒害

34.病原菌一时性或间断地侵入血流,在血流中不繁殖称 ··············· ( A.菌血症 B.败血症 C.毒血症 D.脓毒血症

E.病毒血症

35.属于非细胞型微生物的是 ··················································· ( A.细菌 B.病毒 C.真菌 D.螺旋体

E.支原体

36.紫外线杀菌原理是 ···························································· ( A.抑制菌体旦白的合成 B.干扰细菌DNA复制 C.破坏细菌细胞壁 D.稀放热量杀死细菌

E.干扰细胞膜的通透性

37.属于内毒素性质是 ···························································· ( A.蛋白质成分 B.作用无选择性 C.毒性强

D.抗原性强

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C ) E ) A ) B ) B ) B )