rapid development of the market economy environment to explore public servants ' duty consumption monetization reform has provided a good foundation. The socialization of rear service work has been launched, and rapid progress in some places and departments, duty consumption monetization of carrier and approach to management has been resolved. Third, in recent years, exploring the monetization of duty consumption has made some progress, have gained some experience and can provide reference to the comprehensive reform of the system of public servants ' duty consumption further. Implementing an \nteen\ndardize official entertaining management; enhancing the telecommunication expense management; elimination of County travel and countryside subsidies; research \s\on management of corporate spending, and so on. Finally, group ...18 session to be held in Beijing from November 9, 2013 to 12th. 35 years ago blew the third plenary session of the reform and opening up in the spring breeze, changed, affect the world; today, 35 years later, in the eyes of the nation and the world expect, again to reform mark China, ushered in the 18 session. XI General Secretary pointed out that China's reform has entered a crucial period and the Sham Shui Po District, must be based on greater politcal courage and wisdom, lose no time in deepening reform in important fields. Dares to crack a hard nut, dares to question the Rapids, which dares to break the barrier of ideas, and dare to benefit cure barriers. Deepening reform and opening up is on schedule to achieve institutional safeguards of the moderately well-off. Under the \neral layout of socialist modernization requirements, 18 session of the decision was a \one\he improvement of overall scheme of reform, will promote an integrated and coordinated economic, political, cultural, social and ecological civilization construction of the five reforms and the party's construction in the area of institutional reform. The \n one\chieve a comprehensive reform of institutional guarantees for objectives of build a well-off society, the smooth progress of the construction of a well-off society and reform the objectives of the programme. One, holding time and place importance on November 9, 2013 to the 18 session of the 12th Beijing since 1978, 35, have been 7 plenary session, each time on major issues of political and economic life of the country has made important deployment. In accordance with PRC political practice, often at every session of the CPC Central Committee in a plenary session was held immediately after the party's Congress, on the theme \scussing election Central's top leaders, such as the election of the Standing Committee of the political Bureau, through the Central Committee members, decisions, such as members of the Central Military Commission. The second plenary session, is held in two sessions before the general election, mainly to discuss a new State personnel issues. But by the third中考化学专题训练一：物质的性质
一、选择题
1．今年3月，我市大部分地区空气异常潮湿，家中墙壁“出汗”、地板湿漉漉的，产生这种现象的原因是水这种物质发生了（ ）
A．熔化 B．液化 C．汽化 D．凝固 2．下列过程属于物理变化的是（ ）
A ．蜡烛燃烧 B ．冰雪融化 C ．牛奶变质 D ．瓦斯爆炸 3．下列关于蒸发和沸腾的说法正确的是（ ） A．蒸发和沸腾都需要从外界吸收热量 B．蒸发和沸腾都可以在任何温度下进行 C．蒸发和沸腾都属于液化现象
D．蒸发的快慢与温度无关，沸腾时温度保持不变
4．在同一环境中对温度计进行了如下操作，温度计的示数下降最快的是（ ）
5．为了避免游客排队时被阳光晒得过热，上海世博园园区加装了一大批喷雾设施，为游客喷雾降温。喷雾降温设施喷洒的水雾，即使在水温相近的情况下，也有比较明显的降温效果，主要原因是（ ） A．水的密度大 B．水蒸发时要放热 C．水汽化时要吸热 D．水雾透光性差 6．右表给出了在常温常压下一些物质的密度，阅读后请判断下面一些结论，其中正确的是（ ）
A．固体的密度都比液体的大 B．不同的物质，密度一定不同
C．同种物质在不同状态下，其密度不同
D．质量相等的实心铜块和实心铅块，铜块的体积比铅块小
7．在生产和生活中，人们常以密度作为所选材料的主要考虑因素，下面属于主要从密度的角度考虑选材的是（ ） A．用塑料做电源插座的外壳 B．用钨做电灯泡的灯丝
C．冬天，暖气片中用水作为传递热的物质 D．用塑料泡沫做成表演场景中滚落的“石头”
8．如图是小明绘制的某种物质熔化时的温度时间图象。下面说法正确的是（ ） A.图线中间的水平线段表示这段时间内物体不吸热 B.图线可能是冰的熔化过程 C.图线可能是蜡的熔化过程 D.图线表示晶体的熔化过程
9．如图是对冰加热时其温度随时间变化的图像，由图可知（ ） A．BC段是一个放热过程 B．冰的熔点是0℃
C．CD段该物质处于气态 D．DE段表示冰的熔化过程
10．将新鲜的豆腐放入冰箱里冷冻，第二天取出，解冻后切开，发现里面存在许多小孔。在小孔形成的过程中，发生的主要物态变化是（ ）
A. 液化和汽化 B. 凝固和熔化 C. 凝固和汽化 D. 凝华和熔化
11．2010年春季，西南地区遭遇罕见的世纪大旱。为了节约用水，果农们利用了滴灌的方法给果树浇水，如图所示。他们把细水管放入果树下的土里，使水分直接渗透到果树根部，减慢了水分的蒸发，原因是（ ） A．减少了水在地面的表面积 B．增大了水在地面的表面积 C．加快了地面上方空气的流动 D．提高了地面上水的温度
12．妈妈在蒸馒头时，开锅后改用“小火”。针对这种做法，下列说法中正确的是（ ） A．水沸腾后，改用“小火”能更快的让馒头变熟 版权：侯红吉
lenary session, each session of the Central Committee of national institutions and personnel problems have been arranged, you can concentrate on national development and reforms. Previous plenary session is often branded with a central leading collective, often by looking at the third plenum of the initiative to found the current central leadership collective governance characteristics. From the analysis of the process of economic reform in China, plenary session, 12 session, 14, 16 plenary session have programmatic meaning, respectively, marking the four stages of China's economic reform, and that the start-up phase of reform, reform, construction phase and perfecting the Socialist market economy framework stage of socialist market economy. Previous plenary session topics proposed to the third plenary session of \ss struggle as the key link,\odernization; 12 session marked the change from rural to urban, established with public ownership as the Foundation of a planned commodity conomy; 13 session at a time when both the old and the new system change, governance and rectify the economic order; 14 ... Fair and efficient and authoritative Socialist judicial system, safeguard the people's interests. Legal authority to uphold the Constitution, deepening the reform of administrative law enforcement, ensure that the right to exercise judicial power independently and impartially according to law the prosecution, perfecting the running mechanism of judicial power, improve the system of judicial protection of human rights. Plenary session, Affairs the right to adhere to the system, and let the people authority to let the power run in the Sun, is shut up in a cage of the system power policy. Decision Science, implementation should be constructed strong, supervise the running of powerful system, improve the system of punishing and preventing corruption, promoting political integrity, and strive to achieve cadres ' honest and Government integrity, clean politics. o form a scientific and effective coordination of power restriction and mechanisms to strengthen anti-corruption institutional innovation and institutional protection, sound improvement style normal system. Plenary session, building a socialist culture in China, enhancing national cultural soft power, must adhere to the orientation of advanced Socialist culture, adhere to the development of Socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, adhere to the people-centred work-oriented, further deepening reform of culture. o improve the cultural management system, establish and improve the modern market system and building modern public cultural service system, improve the level of culture opening. Plenary session, achieving development results more equitable benefit of all people, we must speed up reform of social programs and solve the issues of concern to the people the most direct and real interest, and better meet the needs of the people. To deepen education reform, improve institutional mechanisms for therapid development of the market economy environment to explore public servants ' duty consumption monetization reform has provided a good foundation. The socialization of rear service work has been launched, and rapid progress in some places and departments, duty consumption monetization of carrier and approach to management has been resolved. Third, in recent years, exploring the monetization of duty consumption has made some progress, have gained some experience and can provide reference to the comprehensive reform of the system of public servants ' duty consumption further. Implementing an \nteen\ndardize official entertaining management; enhancing the telecommunication expense management; elimination of County travel and countryside subsidies; research \s\on management of corporate spending, and so on. Finally, group ...18 session to be held in Beijing from November 9, 2013 to 12th. 35 years ago blew the third plenary session of the reform and opening up in the spring breeze, changed, affect the world; today, 35 years later, in the eyes of the nation and the world expect, again to reform mark China, ushered in the 18 session. XI General Secretary pointed out that China's reform has entered a crucial period and the Sham Shui Po District, must be based on greater political courage and wisdom, lose no time in deepening reform in important fields. Dares to crack a hard nut, dares to question the Rapids, which dares to break the barrier of ideas, and dare to benefit cure barriers. Deepening reform and opening up is on schedule to achieve institutional safeguards of the moderately well-off. Under the \neral layout of socialist modernization requirements, 18 session of the decision was a \one\he improvement of overall scheme of reform, will promote an integrated and coordinated economic, political, cultural, social and ecological civilization construction of the five reforms and the party's construction in the area of institutional reform. The \n one\chieve a comprehensive reform of institutional guarantees for objectives of build a well-off society, the smooth progress of the construction of a well-off society and reform the objectives of the programme. One, holding time and place importance on November 9, 2013 to the 18 session of the 12th Beijing since 1978, 35, have been 7 plenary session, each time on major issues of political and economic life of the country has made important deployment. In accordance with PRC political practice, often at every session of the CPC Central Committee in a plenary session was held immediately after the party's Congress, on the theme \scussing election Central's top leaders, such as the election of the Standing Committee of the political Bureau, through the Central Committee members, decisions, such as members of the Central Military Commission. The second plenary session, is held in two sessions before the general election, mainly to discuss a new State personnel issues. But by the thirdB．改用“小火”可以提高水的沸点
C．无论使用“大火”还是“小火”，水达到沸点后温度都保持不变 D．用“大火”可以提高水的沸点，不应该改用“小火”
13．“鸳鸯火锅“是用金属片将锅的内部空间隔成相等的两部分，一边放清汤卤，一边放红汤卤。清汤卤和红汤卤的质量、主要成分及初温几乎相同，但红汤卤一侧浮着一层具有麻辣风味的油，清汤卤则没有。小红在使用这种火锅时，发现两边加热情况相同，但红汤卤一侧首先沸腾，则下列说法不正确的是（ ） 版权：侯红吉 A、红汤卤与清汤卤的比热容近似相同
B、红汤卤液面上方有一层油，能够减少热量的散失 C、红汤卤首先沸腾的主要原因是红汤卤的热量散失少
D、红汤卤首先沸腾的主要原因是红汤卤的沸点比清汤卤的低
14．如图是探究甲、乙两种物质质量跟体积关系的图像。以下分析正确的是（ ） A．甲物质的质量跟体积的比值比乙物质大 B．甲物质的质量跟体积的比值比乙物质小 C．同种物质的质量跟体积的比值是不同的 D．不同物质的质量跟体积的比值是相同的
15．密度公式ρ=m/V可以变换成m=ρV和V=m/ρ。由这三个式子引出了如下的一些说法，其中错误的是（ ） A．同种物质组成的不同物体，它们的质量与体积成正比
B．某种物质的密度与它的质量成正比，与体积成反比 版权：侯红吉 C．物质的质量一定，它的体积与密度成反比 D．物质的体积一定，它的质量与密度成正比 16．将容积为5升的油桶，装满密度为0.8×103千克/米3的煤油，当用去2升后余下的煤油密度为（ ）
A．0.6×103千克/米3 B．1×103千克/米3
C．0.8×103千克/米3 D．0.72×103千克/米3
17．小明为了检验运动会中获得的铜牌是否由纯铜制成，下列方法中最合理的是（ ） A．观察铜牌颜色 B．测铜牌的质量 C．测铜牌的体积 D．测铜牌的密度 18．密度单位g/cm3与kg/m3的关系是（ ）
A．1g/cm3=1kg/m3 B．1g/cm3=10kg/m3 C．1g/cm3=100kg/m3 D．1g/cm3=1×103kg/m3 19．一只空瓶装满水时的总质量是400g，装满酒精时的总质量是350g，则该空瓶的容积是（ρ水=1g/cm3，ρ酒精=0.8g/cm3）（ ）
A．400cm3 B．350cm3 C．250cm3 D．200cm3 20．在测量盐水密度的实验步骤中，下列步骤中不必要的是（ ） A、用天平测出烧杯的质量m1 版权：侯红吉
B、往烧杯内倒入适量的盐水，用天平测出烧杯和盐水的总质量m1 C、用量筒测出烧杯中液体的体积V
D、用天平测出倒掉盐水后空烧杯的质量m2 二、简答题
21．水是生命之源，它在生活中的用途非常广泛。我国北方地区冬季贮菜时，人们常在地窖里放几桶水，这是利用水的 (填物态变化名称) 热，以防止地窖里的菜被冻坏；冬季在空调房间里，人们也常会放盆水，这是利用水的 (填物态变化名称)来提高房间里的空气湿度。
22．20克0℃的冰放在100克0℃的水中，混合后温度 0℃；混合后冰的质量 20克。（填大于、小于或等于）
23．汽化有蒸发和沸腾两种方式，发生沸腾时， （一定、不一定）发生蒸发。物体放出热量，物体的温度 （一定、不一定）降低。
24．夏天，把一大块冰放在塑料袋中，如图所示，过一段时间后，冰变成了水，这是_______现象，塑料袋没有漏水，但是在塑料袋外面却出现一层水珠，这是_______现象（以上两空均填物态变化名称）。 25．如图所示，凉铁板上出现了大量的小水滴，小水滴是由壶嘴喷出的水蒸气 形成的；要在铁板上产生更多的水滴，可以采取的措施有： 。 26．在烧煮食物时，若用水煮，只要水烧不干，食物不会煮焦；若把食物放在油中炸，虽然油未烧干，食物却有可能变焦，这主要是因为。 。
27．“炖汤”因味道好而深受茂名人喜爱。“炖汤”就是把汤料和水置于炖盅内，而炖盅则浸在大煲的水中，并用蒸架把盅与煲底隔离，如图所示。在大煲内的水沸腾过程中，煲盖与煲的缝隙间冒出大量的“白气”，这是 现象(填物态变化)，煲盖不断跳动若汤的沸点与水的沸点相同，则盅内的汤 (填“会”或“不会”)沸腾。
28．在探究甲乙两种物质熔化规律时，小琴记录的实验数据如下表所示。请根据表中的实验
lenary session, each session of the Central Committee of national institutions and personnel problems have been arranged, you can concentrate on national development and reforms. Previous plenary session is often branded with a central leading collective, often by looking at the third plenum of the initiative to found the current central leadership collective governance characteristics. From the analysis of the process of economic reform in China, plenary session, 12 session, 14, 16 plenary session have programmatic meaning, respectively, marking the four stages of China's economic reform, and that the start-up phase of reform, reform, construction phase and perfecting the Socialist market economy framework stage of socialist market economy. Previous plenary session topics proposed to the third plenary session of \ss struggle as the key link,\odernization; 12 session marked the change from rural to urban, established with public ownership as the Foundation of a planned commodity conomy; 13 session at a time when both the old and the new system change, governance and rectify the economic order; 14 ... Fair and efficient and authoritative Socialist judicial system, safeguard the people's interests. Legal authority to uphold the Constitution, deepening the reform of administrative law enforcement, ensure that the right to exercise judicial power independently and impartially according to law the prosecution, perfecting the running mechanism of judicial power, improve the system of judicial protection of human rights. Plenary session, Affairs the right to adhere to the system, and let the people authority to let the power run in the Sun, is shut up in a cage of the system power policy. Decision Science, implementation should be constructed strong, supervise the running of powerful system, improve the system of punishing and preventing corruption, promoting political integrity, and strive to achieve cadres ' honest and Government integrity, clean politics. o form a scientific and effective coordination of power restriction and mechanisms to strengthen anti-corruption institutional innovation and institutional protection, sound improvement style normal system. Plenary session, building a socialist culture in China, enhancing national cultural soft power, must adhere to the orientation of advanced Socialist culture, adhere to the development of Socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, adhere to the people-centred work-oriented, further deepening reform of culture. o improve the cultural management system, establish and improve the modern market system and building modern public cultural service system, improve the level of culture opening. Plenary session, achieving development results more equitable benefit of all people, we must speed up reform of social programs and solve the issues of concern to the people the most direct and real interest, and better meet the needs of the people. To deepen education reform, improve institutional mechanisms for therapid development of the market economy environment to explore public servants ' duty consumption monetization reform has provided a good foundation. The socialization of rear service work has been launched, and rapid progress in some places and departments, duty consumption monetization of carrier and approach to management has been resolved. Third, in recent years, exploring the monetization of duty consumption has made some progress, have gained some experience and can provide reference to the comprehensive reform of the system of public servants ' duty consumption further. Implementing an \nteen\ndardize official entertaining management; enhancing the telecommunication expense management; elimination of County travel and countryside subsidies; research \s\on management of corporate spending, and so on. Finally, group ...18 session to be held in Beijing from November 9, 2013 to 12th. 35 years ago blew the third plenary session of the reform and opening up in the spring breeze, changed, affect the world; today, 35 years later, in the eyes of the nation and the world expect, again to reform mark China, ushered in the 18 session. XI General Secretary pointed out that China's reform has entered a crucial period and the Sham Shui Po District, must be based on greater political courage and wisdom, lose no time in deepening reform in important fields. Dares to crack a hard nut, dares to question the Rapids, which dares to break the barrier of ideas, and dare to benefit cure barriers. Deepening reform and opening up is on schedule to achieve institutional safeguards of the moderately well-off. Under the \neral layout of socialist modernization requirements, 18 session of the decision was a \one\he improvement of overall scheme of reform, will promote an integrated and coordinated economic, political, cultural, social and ecological civilization construction of the five reforms and the party's construction in the area of institutional reform. The \n one\chieve a comprehensive reform of institutional guarantees for objectives of build a well-off
society, the smooth progress of the construction of a well-off society and reform the objectives of the programme. One, holding time and place importance on November 9, 2013 to the 18 session of the 12th Beijing since 1978, 35, have been 7 plenary session, each time on major issues of political and economic life of the country has made important deployment. In accordance with PRC political practice, often at every session of the CPC Central Committee in a plenary session was held immediately after the party's Congress, on the theme \scussing election Central's top leaders, such as the election of the Standing Committee of the political Bureau, through the Central Committee members, decisions, such as members of the Central Military Commission. The second plenary session, is held in two sessions before the general election, mainly to discuss a new State personnel issues. But by the third中考科学复习化学专题
数据解答下列问题。 版权：侯红吉 时间?min 甲的温度?℃ 乙的温度?℃ 0 40 40 1 42 41 2 44 42 3 46 44 4 48 46 5 48 47 6 48 48 7 48 49 8 48 51 9 48 52 10 50 54 11 53 56 12 56 59 （1）在甲和乙这两种物质中，属于晶体的是 ； （2）该晶体的熔点是 ℃；
（3）当该晶体的温度为48℃时，它处于 态。 29．小海在做“观察水的沸腾”实验后，又进一步观察了水是自然冷却过程，他根据实验数据绘出水温随时间变化图像如图所示。由图像可知： （1）水是沸点是________0C，这说明当时水面上方的气压_______一个标准大气压。
（2）做上述实验时是环境温度（即室温）应在_____0C左右。 （3）沸腾前水温随时间变化的特点是
__________________________________________。
30．某研究人员为了探究冰和水的体积与温度的关系，在一定的环境下将1g的冰加热，分别记录其温度和体积，得到了如上右图所示的图象。请你观察此图象回答下列问题：
⑴冰从－4℃上升到0℃时体积将 ，密度将 。 ⑵水从0℃上升到4℃时体积将 ，密度将 。
⑶冬天，当河面结冰时，与冰接触的河水温度是 ℃，较深河底的水温是 ℃。
31．小明同学在测定液体密度的实验中，没有把容器的质量测出来，而是多次测出容器和液体的总质量，并记录在下表中。根据表中的数据求得液体的刻度是 g/cm3，容器的质量是 g。 1 2 3 4 实验次数 15 22 50 80 液体体积V/cm3 液体和容器的总质量m/g 67 72.6 95 119 32．请你根据所学的科学知识，指出下列“重”的真正意义。 （1）人们通常说“铁比木头重” ； 版权：侯红吉 （2）这条鱼多重 ；
（3）这块石头太重了，我搬不动 。 33．为了用铁浇铸一个机器零件，先用蜡做了一个该零件的模型，已知该模型质量1800 g，蜡的密度为0.9 ×1 0 3kg /m 3，则该零件的体积为 厘米3，浇铸这样一个铁件需要 kg铁，该铁件的重力为 牛顿。
33
（ρ铁=7.9×10 kg/m） 三、实验探究题.
34．某班同学在“探究水的某种特性”的实验中，对水的体积和质量的测量方法进行了改进。同学们先用天平测出注射器的质量，再用它分别抽取10厘米3、15厘米3、20厘米3的水，分别称出注射器与水的总质量，下表是其中一个组的实验记录。
（1）使用天平时，首先把天平放在水平桌面上，把游码移到横梁标尺的左端的“0”刻度线处，若向右调节左侧横梁平衡螺母，使指针对准了分度盘中央刻度线。则调节平衡螺母前，左盘与右盘的位置相比较高的是 盘。 （2）对实验记录中的数据进行分析可以发现水的 是不变的，从而发现了水的一种特性。
（3）受此实验启发，小豪不称质量，在家里测量了冰的质量。他先用注射器抽取27mL的纯净水，再放进冰箱速冻，等水完全结冰后，小豪从冰箱中取出的注射器如下图所示，则水结冰后的体积为 mL，小豪所测得的冰的密度为 克/厘米3（保留1位小数）。
35．如图甲所示，是探究冰和蜡的熔化过程的实验装置。器材有：冰、蜡、热水瓶、试管、烧杯、铁架台(带铁夹)、搅
棒、秒表、温度计、水。
lenary session, each session of the Central Committee of national institutions and personnel problems have been arranged, you can concentrate on national development and reforms. Previous plenary session is often branded with a central leading collective, often by looking at the third plenum of the initiative to found the current central leadership collective governance characteristics. From the analysis of the process of economic reform in China, plenary session, 12 session, 14, 16 plenary session have programmatic meaning, respectively, marking the four stages of China's economic reform, and that the start-up phase of reform, reform, construction phase and perfecting the Socialist market economy framework stage of socialist market economy. Previous plenary session topics proposed to the third plenary session of \struggle as the key link,\st modernization; 12 session marked the change from rural to urban, established with public ownership as the Foundation of a planned commodity economy; 13 session at a time when both the old and the new system change, governance and rectify the economiorder; 14 ... Fair and efficient and authoritative Socialist judicial system, safeguard the people's interests. Legal authority to uphold the Constitution, deepening the reform of administrative law enforcement, ensure that the right to exercise judicial power independently and impartially according to law the prosecution, perfecting the running mechanism of judicial power, improve the system of judial protection of human rights. Plenary session, Affairs the right to adhere to the system, and let the people authority to let the power run in the Sun, is shut up in a cage of the system power policy. Decision Science, implementation should be constructed strong, supervise the running of powerful system, improve the system of punishing and preventing corruption, promoting political integrity, and strive to achieve cadres ' honest and Government integrity, clean politics. To form a scientific and effective coordination of power restriction and mechanisms to strengthen anti-corruption institutional innovation and institutional protection, sound improvement style normal system. Plenary session, building a socialist culture in China, enhancing national cultural soft power, must adhere to the orientation of advanced Socialist culture, adhere to the development of Socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, adhere to the people-centred work-oriented, further deepening reform of culture. To improve the cultural management system, establish and improve the modern market system and building modern public cultural service system, improve the level of culture opening. Plenary session, achieving development results more equitable benefit of all people, we must speed up reform of social programs and solve the issues of concern to the people the most direct and real interest, and better meet the needs of the people. To deepen education reform, improve institutional mechanisms for the 第 3 页 共 52 页 版权：侯红吉