九、被动语态

【考纲分析】

1. 中考考纲: (1) 一般现在时; (2) 一般过去时 ; (3) 一般将来时 2. 近5年中考被动语态的考点及分值分布

年份 2012年 2013年 2019年 2019年 2019年

题型 单项选择 单项选择 单项选择 单项选择 单项选择 分值 1 1 1 1 1 考查内容 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 一般现在时 一般过去时 【自主学习】

一、找出下列句子哪些是被动语态, 并指出是属于那种时态的被动语态。 1. We clean the classroom every day. 2. The boy was sent home last night.

3. Football is played everywhere in the world. 4. The story happened many years ago.

5. Computer will be taught in this school next year. 6. The music sounds wonderful. 二、把下列句子变成被动语态

1. We plant many trees every spring. Many trees every spring. 2. Robots will do many kinds of work. Many kinds of work by robots. 3. They built a new bridge over the river last year. A new bridge over the river last year. 4. Tokyo will hold the 32nd Olympic Games in 2020. The 32nd Olympic Games by Tokyo in 2020. 5. Parents often tell the children to be careful with fire.

The children often (tell) to be careful with fire. 6.The students asked the teacher to tell a story just now.

The teacher (ask) to tell a story by the students just now. 参考答案

一、2.是一般过去时的被动语态 3.是一般现在时的被动语态 5.是一般将来时的被动语态 二、1.are planted 2.will done 3.was built 4.will be held 5. are told 6.was asked

【教师点拨】

英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语为动作的承受者为被动语态。

如：People speak Enlgish in Australia.(主动语态) The hospital was built last year.(被动语态) 考点1：被动语态的基本结构：be ＋ 动词的过去分词 时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 被动语态 am/is/are＋done was/were＋done will/shall be going to＋be done 例句 The classroom is cleaned by us. The kite was made by him. Threes will be planted by them tomorrow. 【课堂检测】

( )1.Flowers along the road last year.

A. plant B. planted C. are planted D. were planted ( )2. —I want to borrow the book， but I don't know how long it will . —For two weeks.

A. keep B. be borrowed C. be kept D. borrow

( )3. From May 6， pedestrians(行人) 10 yuan if they run red lights， according to Beijing traffic authorities.

A. will fine B. were fined C. are fine D. will be fined

( )4. It was reported that nine Chinese people in a balloon crash (坠毁) in Australia

on March 24,2019.

A. were killed B. are killed C. will kill D. have killed ( )5. —How often do I need to feed the dog？

—It food every day，or it will be hungry.

A. is give B. will give C. is given D . will be gave

考点2：被动语态的特别用法。 (1)

不及物动词及连系动词不能用于被动语态。 常见词有：happen， take place，change, look， sound， feel， smell， taste， become 等. 如：The story happened on a cold night.

The food tasted delicious.

(2)

在主动语态中省“to”的动词不定式，在被动语态中要加“to”。常用词有：see， find， hear， watch， make 等。

如：I saw him play football on the playground just now. →He was seen to play football on the playground just now. (3) 有双宾语的句子变成被动语态有两种情况

① 间接宾语(人)变成被动语态的主语，直接宾语(物)仍保留在原位。 如：He gave me a pen yesterday. → I was given a pen (by him) yesterday.

② 直接宾语(物)变成被动语态的主语，在间接宾语(人)前加介词to或for(make，buy等 用for)。

如： He gave me a pen yesterday. → A pen was given to me (by him) yesterday. My mother bought me a book last Sunday.

→ A book was bought for me (by my mother) last Sunday. (4) 动词短语变为被动语态时不能漏掉其中的介词或副词

如：We should listen to the teacher carefully in class.

→ The teacher should be listened to carefully in class(by us). 考点3：常用于被动语态的短语和句型

(1) be used for doing sth / be used to do sth 被用来做某事 Pens are used for writing. be used as 被当作……用 English is used as a second language in many countries. be used by 被某人使用 This car is used by his father.

be/get used to doing 习惯于做某事 My English teacher is used to living in Zhongshan. used to do 过去常常 Tom used to be short， but now he is tall. (2) be made of 由……制造(看得见原料) The desk is made of wood.

be made from 由……制造(看不见原料) The book is made from wood. be made in＋地点 在……制造 The desk is made in Zhuhai. (3) be filled with ＝ be full of 装满 The bottle is filled with milk.