going into—and those who were not. Politicians, athletes, actors, musicians and entertainers belong to the former. The latter are ordinary citizens who become significant, because of their extraordinary experiences, for example, victims of crimes or tragedies, but also criminals.
The number of ordinary citizens who receive their celebrity (名人) status unwillingly is quite big and the privacy of those people needs to be especially respected and maintained. Names, addresses or pictures that could lead to the identification of a person should never be made public. It is not of interest for the readers, and it usually does not make a difference for them, what the name of someone is, but for the one concerned publication of identity could mean
embarrassment and harassment (骚扰). Suspected criminals, for instance, could lose their jobs, their families could break up or their whole lives could get destroyed, even when they are innocent. Apart from that, as soon as someone is well known, they are pursued and harassed by journalists demanding interviews. Also in cases where a family just had to experience the loss of a dear person, the press usually shows little respect for that.
In the case of politicians or other powerful people, the right to privacy comes into conflict with another right, the public’s right to know. Therefore, the right to privacy of certain politicians sometimes has to be neglected to ensure a rightful running of the country. But do we need to get informed about everything there is?
Actually, the position of politicians in the eye of the public is especially difficult to judge. On the one hand politicians use their happy family and home in campaigns; on the other hand, we know personal behaviors have nothing to do with competence in running a country and private details, even if completely irrelevant, can still ruin careers. Sometimes only due to the intrusion (侵入) of privacy, corruption or similar crimes can be made public, but at the same time not everything in one’s life is connected to one’s office. When personal morality and family values are deliberately used by politicians as a reason for them to be elected, they have chosen to make it a public issue rather than a private one. This is a sad fact, but it does not justify intrusion of the personal lives of all politicians. A politician still is, like everyone else, entitled to privacy.
Passage outline A basic right Supporting details People, famous or not, have a right to live a life with their privacy ①__________by others. ◆ Some people such as politicians, athletes and so on seek a public life ③__________. ◆ Some ordinary people become famous just due to their special experiences. ②__________between famous people
④__________of loss of privacy for ordinary celebrities
◆ Life for suspected criminals, even if innocent, might end up in ⑤__________.
◆ Constant interviews will disturb the⑥__________ of people’ life.
◆ The press will make people ⑦__________ more from the loss of a dear person.
◆ Certain politicians’ right to privacy has to be neglected to
⑧__________the public’s right to know. ◆ Some politicians take⑨__________of their privacy in campaigns, placing it at risk. ◆ The intrusion of privacy helps ⑩__________crimes among politicians.
We should not invade the personal lives of politicians.
Analysis of privacy for politicians
Conclusion
5.请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。每个空格只填一个单词。
I’ve always been an optimist and I suppose that is rooted in my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the world a better place.
For as long as I can remember, I’ve loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky old Teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today. But it changed my life. When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago, we had a vision of “a computer on every desk and in every home,” which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world. And they have. And after 30 years, I’m still as inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade.
I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness—to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldn’t solve on their own.
Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the world’s knowledge. They’re helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are. Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it “tap-dancing to work.” My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me “tap-dance to work” is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech,
or one that can store a lifetime’s worth of photos, and they say, “I didn’t know you could do that with a PC!”
But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world. There are still far too many people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet. Every year, for example, millions of people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world.
I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world. My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible.
As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than the death of a child anywhere else. And that it doesn’t take much to make an immense difference in these children’s lives.
I’m still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the world’s toughest problems is possible—and it’s happening every day. We’re seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world.
I’m excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, we’re going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime.
Fueling our creativity
Outline Supporting details
Being ①__________, I believe the power of creativity and enthusiastic intelligence can make the world better.
◇An old Teletype machine, which made me ②__________in the computer, changed my life.
◇③__________ what sounded like crazy, Paul Allen and I dreamt of there being a computer for everyone.
◇For 3 decades, I still have a deep ④__________for the computer. Being devoted
I feel lucky to do something challenging at Microsoft, and I have a sense of ⑤__________when we present people something new.
◇Computers are the most incredible tool, and there is no ⑥__________in terms of problem solving. ◇Computers are transforming how we
learn,⑦__________our horizons wherever we are.
Being I’m bound to give my fortune to the world just in ⑧__________ ⑨__________.
◇All children are created equal, and it doesn’t take much to make a difference in their lives.
◇Great importance is being ⑩__________to the health problems in developing countries. 6请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:请将答案写在相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
Climate Change and Oilier Human Activities are Affecting Species Migration One of the reasons climate change is such an important topic is that it will affect the natural biological systems. Both plants and animals will have to respond to the changing climate. In some cases, this means adapting to higher temperatures. In other cases, the changes may be alterations in the rainfall, length of growing season, availability of resources, or other influences.
While some animals can adapt, others will have to migrate. Obviously
migration can be apparent in mobile animals that will move to maintain a more or less similar climate to which they are accustomed.
But animal and plant movement does not occur in just a changing climate. It also has to make changes to the landscape that humans create. For instance, increased land allocation to agriculture or urbanization can create barriers for free
migration. So, what scientists really want to know is how these two factors will affect the patterns of animal and plant movement. Researchers in a study projected changes in the distribution of climatically suitable zones for projected future climates. Using a computer model, they projected how and when the species would migrate and they tracked the migration routes. The study incorporated a resistance to movement based on the amount of human alteration to the landscape. The analysis was similar to how the flow of electrons through a wire circuit is calculated. In fact, electronic circuit theory formed a basis for the calculations.
From their analysis, the authors identified several locations in North and South America that will be crucial for species movement in a changing climate. Large movements are expected in the southeastern US, the Amazon region, and parts of Brazil. Some of the areas where migration is expected have undamaged biological regions. Others, in particular the southeastern US and Brazil, have pathways that are heavily impacted by human activities, which may create a barrier to the migration routes. In the study, the team of scientists first identified what they call “climatically suitable” conditions for each of the species under a changing climate situation. They plotted routes for the species from areas that were projected to be unsuitable to these suitable areas. The routes were plotted so that they avoided the most heavily human-impacted regions. They then plotted the paths on a map for easy visualization.
Some concrete and specific examples were provided. The authors have
identified 14 biological regions and calculated the average direction of movement across each biome (生物群系). Great visualizations are shown of paths of migrations, for instance, in the southeastern US.
Climate Change and Other Human Activities are Affecting Species Migration
The ① of climate change ● There is a② of changes in the rainfall, length of growing season, availability of resources, etc. ● Some animals will have to adapt to higher temperatures. Other animals have no③ but to migrate. Climate change and land use change mainly⑤ to animal and plant movement. ● ⑦ on electronic circuit theory, researchers used a computer model to calculate the migration routes. ● Some species movement destinations in a changing climate are mainly⑧ in North and South America, while others, in particular the southeastern US and Brazil, are hard to reach due to human activities. ● 14 biological regions are detected and some ideal ⑨ of migrations are exposed to the public. ● Scientists first find out “ climatically suitable ” conditions for each of the species. ● They then drew up routes for the species and plotted the paths on a map with the⑩ of avoiding the most heavily human-impacted regions. ④ in species migration ⑥ of migration routes Process of the study 7 请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意:每空格1个单词。 We all need to feel understood, recognized and affirmed (证实) by our friends, family and romantic partners. We all need to find our tribe.
Research has shown that among the benefits that come with being in a
relationship or group, feeling accepted is regarded as the most important driver of meaning. When other people think you matter and treat you as if you matter, you believe you matter, too. Though we all share a need to belong, in the first decades of the 20th century, many influential psychologists and physicians did not acknowledge this fundamental aspect of human nature. The idea that children needed parental love and care to live a full and meaningful life was not only considered medically dangerous, it was dismissed as immoral and disgusting.