As behavioural psychology came into fashion and academic psychologists turned their attention to child-raising, this view shifted and they began to examine and affirm the vital importance of attachment in early life. They discovered that people, whatever their age, needed more than food and shelter to live full and healthy lives.

But, sadly, many of us lack close ties. At a time when we are more connected digitally than ever before, rates of social isolation (孤立) are rising. The results of an Age UK poll published recently suggest that half a million people over the age of 60 usually spend each day alone, and it’s not unusual for another half a million people to go five or six days without seeing or speaking to someone. All these figures reveal more than a rise in loneliness—they reveal a lack of meaning in people’s lives. In surveys, we list our close relationships as our most important sources of meaning. Research shows that people who are lonely and isolated feel their lives are less meaningful.

While close relationships are critical for living a meaningful life, they are not the only important social bonds we need to cultivate (培养). Psychologists have also discovered the value of small moments of intimacy (亲昵行为). “High-quality connections,” as one researcher calls them, are positive,

short-term interactions between two people when a couple holds hands on a walk or when two strangers have an empathetic (移情作用的) conversation on a plane.

High-quality connections have the potential to unlock meaning in our interactions with acquaintances, colleagues and strangers.

We can’t control whether someone will make a high-quality connection with us, but we can all choose to start one. We can say hello to a stranger on the street rather than look away. We can choose to value people rather than devalue them. We can invite people to belong.

Passage outline The need to belong Supporting details ?Everyone hopes to develop a ① of belonging in a group. ? People’s self-respect is ② by other people’s opinion. ?Many famous experts in the first decades of the 20th century ④ that people had the need to belong. ?Experts later came to realize that people, regardless of their age, needed ⑤ to enjoy full and healthy lives. ?Many people are cut off from the world

The changing ③ to belonging Consequences

of ⑥ close ties and feel ⑦ . ?People who do not have enough close relationships find their life has less ⑧ . Another way to meet the need ?High-quality connections make a ⑨ in helping satisfy our need to belong. ?We should ⑩ to make a high-quality connection. 8.请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

Digitalization could Pay Off in Health and Sustainability

With technology permeating (渗透) everything we do, it has led to a

significant transformation in the workplace——specifically, how, where, who is working and what work employees do. The speed of change across industries has also caused greater uncertainty as many businesses rethink the way they manage their talent and real estate.

For one, automation and artificial intelligence will change many job functions---particularly jobs and tasks that are manual or process driven. Research has found that the future workforce will be divided into three parts;core employees,freelancers(自由职业者)and consultants.Core employees will be

concentrated in smaller and fewer locations, ideally in central business districts with transportation and amenities(便利设施) concentrated nearby ---reducing their energy and resource usage. This smaller core workforce could mean smaller office footprints requiring less energy from power and less waste produced. In parallel, the appearance of the “liquid workforce”--- freelancers, consultants and more --- means potentially less commuting(通勤) and perhaps a cleaner way of working. The need for flexibility to accommodate the uncertain operating environment and more project-based work could require possibly less material and waste in the building process.

We’ve seen how many forward-thinking organizations have already adopted more efficient real estate management in the form of smart buildings and smart offices. This is essentially powered by the Internet of Things(物联网) to drive efficiency and real-time optimization (最优化)of building operations such as automatic monitoring and optimization of air conditioning

--- of particular interest in Asia, where indoor as well as outdoor air quality is a long-time issue.

Some features of smart buildings and workplaces also announce a shift to a less paper-based workplace. Companies are also accepting a whole view of

sustainability. They ’re thinking about more than cost-savings or making the most of space. They are considering creating a healthy, fulfilling, and productive environment for employees.

We now speak about healthy buildings instead of simply sustainable ones. In fact, the World Green Building Council now promotes the concept of healthy green

buildings---buildings that are not only environmentally sensitive but also provide for the well-being of staff. For instance, buildings with more access to nature and greenery make a significant difference to workers. A survey done last year found that over 90% of those surveyed felt more productive and creative with access to fresh air, indoor light, healthy food, fitness centers and even mental health services.

Overall, the drive towards a digitized workplace and improved employee experience could just lead us to a healthier, happier life and a more sustainable future.

Digitalization could Pay Off in Health and Sustainability Introduction

As digitalization influences the workplace and employees in many ways, business owners have to ①__________on their way of managing.

Due to automation and artificial intelligence, future employees will be classified into three categories: core employees, freelancers and consultants.

●Core employees will be concentrated in central business districts③__________by various amenities, which help to avoid a(n)

④__________of their energy and resources. ●Freelancers and consultants have no need to ⑤__________regularly from one place to another, which will leave ⑥__________carbon footprints.

●Smart buildings and smart offices powered by the Internet of Things have been adopted by many forward-thinking organizations.

●Companies are thinking about reducing their reliance on ⑦__________and building a healthy workplace, which is beneficial to staffs’ work in the long term.

●Green buildings are not only ⑧__________to the environment but also do good to employees’ health. According to research, being

⑨__________to nature and greenery can improve ones’ work efficiency and ⑩__________.

Effects of

digitalization on the②__________

Effects of

digitalization on the workplaces

二、书面表达

9请认真阅读下面有关我国出国留学低龄化现象的图表及相关文字,并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

“My granddaughter is studying French at the distinguished Shanghai Foreign Language School. She spends all of her time on her studies and the school puts pressure on its students. Our family hopes to send her to a school where she does not need to worry so much about her academic scores.” (Cen Qingcai) “I have only one child and I dearly want her to stay with me. But I know that studying abroad will benefit her future and I can’t be selfish.” (Zeng Ying) “Middle school students we serve only need to pay 150,000 yuan to 300,000 yuan per year, including tuition and board, which can easily be covered by many Chinese families.” (Alex Zou ) 【写作内容】

1. 1.用约30个单词概述两张图表信息的主要内容;

2. 2.出国留学低龄化的原因有哪些,简要谈谈你的看法(上述文字信息仅供参考,原因

不少于两点);

3. 3.作为高中生,你会选择在国内上大学还是出国留学?请简要说明理由。 4. 【写作要求】

5. 1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句;

6. 2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;3.不必写标题。

【评分标准】内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。

10请认真阅读下面短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence.The first is sort of brain he is born with.Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others.But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn.So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of the environment in which he is brought up.If an individual is handicapped (受阻碍) environmentally, it is likely that his brain will stop to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.

The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be proved by the identical twins, Peter and John.When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster (寄养) homes.Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities.John, however, was educated in the home well-to-do parents who had been to college.This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence.John's IQ was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his brother. 【写作内容】

1.以约30个词概括短文的要点;

2.然后以约120个词就“环境与人的智力发展”的主题发表看法,并包括如下要点: a.你是否赞同“环境决定智力的发展”这一观点?为什么? b.请举出具体事例说明你的观点;

c.你认为如何才能最大限度地发展智力? 【写作要求】

1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句;

2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;3.不必写标题。

11请阅读下面短文,并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

Right after the Second World War, Germany was in ruins. Almost all the houses, factories and schools were destroyed. Plenty of people were homeless as well as jobless. Worse still, the supply of water and electricity was often cut off in the city. Two American journalists interviewed a German family living in the basement. The husband was disabled from the war and the wife was just dismissed from a clothing company. Worse still, there were bills for them to pay—four children to care for and food to buy. Life was hard for them at that time.

After the interview, the journalists chatted with each other on the way back to the company.

“Do you think the Germans could rebuild their homeland?”

“Absolutely.”“But I can’t see any hope for the country at all. How can you be so certain about that?”

“Have you noticed what they put on the table in the basement? There was a vase of flowers. A nation, suffering at such moment, hasn’t forgotten about