初中英语语法归纳：被动语态

初中英语语法归纳复习：被动语态

重难点：掌握八种常见时态的被动语态，并能根据不同情景，灵活运用被动语态。 【知识总结归纳】

一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。 二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换

We Visited that factory last summer ?主动语态

主语 谓语 宾语 状语

That factory was visited by us last summer ?被动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语

三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比 时态 一般现在时 am / is / are + P.P. 主动语态 （1）Do they speak French ? （2）They don’t use the room . 一般过去时 was / were + p.p. （1）The hunter killed a tiger . （2）He wrote many stories last year . 现在进行时 am / is / are +being +p.p. （1）These workers are building a new bridge . （2）He is mending his car . 过去进行时 was / were + being + p.p. （1）He was selling books . 被动语态 Is French spoken by them ? The room isn’t used by them . A tiger was killed by the hunter . Many stories was written by him last year . A new bridge is being built by these workers . His car is being mended by him . Books were being built by him . The plan was being （2）They were discussed by them at that discussing the plan at that time . 1 / 7 初中英语语法归纳：被动语态

time . 现在完成时 have / has + been + p. p. （1）She has learned many English words . （2）He has finished the work . 过去完成时 had + been + p.p. （1）They has solved the problem . （2）We had told him the news by then . 一般将来时 shall / will be + p.p. Many English words have been learned by her . The work has been finished by him . The problem had been solved by them . The news had been told to him by us . （1）I shall make a plan . A plan will be made by me . （2）They are going to fix The radio is going to be the radio in an hour . fixed by them in an hour . （1）He told me they would paint the room . （2）They were going to put on a play the next week . （1）We should hand in our homework . He told me the room would be painted by them . A play was going to be put by them the next week . Our homework should be handed in by us . 过去将来时 would be + p.p. was/ were going to be + p.p. 情态动词 can / may / must / should + be + p.p. The question must be （2）You must answer the answered in English by question in English . you . 四. 如何正确使用被动语态

1. 有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to”。

eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态）

Weareoftentoldinterestingstoriesbyhim.??（被动语态）

Interestingstoriesareoftentoldtousbyhim.?▲常带双宾语的词有：tell , show , lend , pass等。

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初中英语语法归纳：被动语态

2. 在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。

eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态） 宾语宾语补足语

???????复合宾语 She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态）

▲ 有这种用法的常用动词有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice等。

3. 有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。”

比较：（1）?(系表结构)?Thedoorisclosed.门是关着的。

。(被动语态)?ThedoorisclosedbyFengping.这个门是由冯平来关的。(系表结构)?Theglassisbroken.这个玻璃杯是坏的 （2）?

TheglasswasbrokenbyMary.这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏的。(被动语态)?4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。 eg. ??GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.(正确)

GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChina.(错误)? ??Thedolphindisappearedinthedeepsea.(正确)

?Thedolphinwasdisappearedinthedeepsea.(错误)【总结】

一、被动语态的构成形式

1. 被动语态的基本时态变化

被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：

1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时

例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 现在完成时

例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例A new cinema is being built here． 4） was/were done 一般过去时

例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5） had been done 过去完成时

例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6） was/were being done 过去进行时

例A meeting was being held when I was there.

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