2012届高考英语语法专题复习状语从句讲义

学习目标:

1. 掌握由when, while, as, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句 2. 掌握由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句

3. 掌握由because, as, since, for等引导的原因状语从句

4. 掌握由so that, so…that, such…that等引导的结果状语从句 5. 掌握由than, (not)as…as等引导的比较状语从句

6. 掌握由so that, in order that等引导的 目的状语从句 7. 掌握由though, although, even if等引导的让步状语从句

用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。分类如下: 1. 时间状语从句

常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如：

① While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. ② He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China. 考点一: 在时间状语从句里，通常用一般现在时表将来。例如： He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. 例: We'll go out for a walk as soon as it ________.

A. stops raining B. raining C. stop to rain D. rain 考点二: while, when, as辨析

Ⅰ. as “当（在）……时候”往往可与when 或 while 通用，但它着重指主句和从句的动作或事情相并发生。如：

As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。 Ⅱ. when “当（在）……的时候”主句和从句的动作或事情可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。

It was raining when we arrived. 当我们到达的时候，正下着雨。 例: What was Jim doing _______ the teacher came in?

A. while B. and C. when D. but Ⅲ. while “当（在）……的时候”表主句的动作或事情发生在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程之中。从句通常为进行时态。它有时可与when通用，但它只能指一段时间（a period of time）,而不能指一点时间（a point of time）如上面的第一个例子。又如：

Please don’t talk so loud while others are working. 别人在工作的时候，请勿大声讲话。

While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.我洗地板时，你可以擦窗户。 考点三: since 表“自从”，所表示的是一个时间点。可作连词引导时间状语从句；要求前面的谓语动词或主句的谓语动词必须用完成时态，要用延续性动词。而since引导的从句中的谓语动词通常应是短暂性的动词。

She has lived here since she moved here.

考点四: 在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：

① The young man read till the light went out.

② Don’t get off until the bus stops. 2. 条件状语从句

条件状语从句通常由if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等引导。例如： What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?

例: You will be late you leave immediately. A. unless B. until C. if D. Or

考点一: 在条件状语从句里，谓语动词常用现在时表示将来的动作或状态。例如： He won’t be late unless he is ill.

例: I'll go for a walk with you if it ______ tomorrow?

A. won't rain B. doesn't rain C. will rain D. rain

考点二: “祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：

Hurry up, or you’ll be late. =If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.

Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 考点三: if非真实条件句

例: If I ______you, I would help him.

A. am B. was C. were D. are 3. 原因状语从句

表原因because, as, since, for 辨析

Ⅰ. 这几个词都可以用作连词，表“原因、理由” 但有区别：

Ⅱ. as “因为、既然”表示的原因或理由是明显的。语意不如because强。当理由是明显的，或者被认为是已知的时，则以用as 为好。如：

As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi. 既然在下雨，你最好乘出租车。 Ⅲ. because “因为”表直接而明确的原因或理由。即必然的困果关系。在这几个词中，它的语意最强。回答以why 引导的特殊疑问句时，只能用because . 注意：because 不可以与so 连用。如：

---Ｗhy can’t you do it now? --- Because I’m too busy.

Ⅳ. since“既然”比as 较为正式，说明为人所知的原因。语气比because 稍弱。

Since light travels faster than sound, we see lightening before we hear the thunder.因为光比声音传播得快，所以我们先看到闪电，后听到雷声。 Ⅴ. for “因为”表原因或理由时，用以说明理由，只是解释性的。在这几个词中，它的语意最弱。它少用于口语中，也不用于句首。如：

It must have rained, for the road is wet. 一定下雨了，因为路是湿的。 ［注］：这几个词按语意的强弱来排，其顺序为： because—→since—→(as)—→for

例: --The boy failed to pass the English examination. --______ he didn't work hard.

A. If B. Because C. When D. So 4. 结果状语从句

结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that引导。例如： He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son. She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.

考点一:so...that的结果状语从句的结构是: “...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。 例: The film was _____ interesting thateveryone wanted to see it again.

A. too B. so C. quite D. very

such…that的结果状语从句的结构是: “...such + 名词+ that + 从句”。注意名词可以是单数或复数，也可以是不可数；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。

例: It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.

He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：

It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again. =The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.

考点二: 如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。例：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you. 5. 比较状语从句

比较状语从句通常由as…as, 比较级 + than…等连词引导。例如： Tom runs faster than John does.

This classroom is as big as that one. 6. 目的状语从句

目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that引导。例如： We started early so that we could catch the first train. He studies hard so that he could work better in the future. We used the computer in order that we might save time. 7. 让步状语从句

(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。例如： Though he is young, he knows a lot.

Although I am tired, I must go on working.

(2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如：

我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.

应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out. 练习：

① 找出从句并指出是那类从句

1. The question he asked was where the school was.

2. The fact that she works hard is well known to us all. 3. He was not the man that he was before.

4. It depends on whether we have enough time. 5. Though he is in poor health, he works hard.

6. Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather. 7. He won't go out until his mother will come.

8. The moment he opened the window, a bird flew in. 9. As you get older, you get more knowledge.

10. She often wears the same kind of skirt as her twin sister does. 11. The children were running on the playground as fast as they could. 12. He didn't come yesterday as his mother was ill. ② 填入适当的连词