语法考点之一 ：虚拟语气

考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气

1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+ have done；

2、省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were, had或 should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。 3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。 4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。

比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；

考点2：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。

考点3：It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等从句，谓语用（should）+动词原形。

考点4：it is (high/about) time that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。例如:

考点5：much as\尽管，虽然\引导让步状语从句，从句中用would have done表示假设。

考点6：if only, wish, as if/as though引导从句， 与过去事实相反：had + done； 与现在事实相反：动词过去式； 与将来事实相反：could/would + do

考点7：would rather/sooner从句中 使用一般过去式或过去完成式 分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟

考点8：lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形动词。

语法考点之二 ：情态动词 *情态动词: will（愿意）, shall（将）, must（必须）, can, may, would, should (应该), might, could, ought to, used to（过去常常）, need（需要）, dare（竟敢），have to（不得不） 考试中，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容： （1）情态动词+行为动词完成式（表示推测） （2）某些情态动词的特殊用法

考点1. 情态动词＋have＋过去分词结构表示推测

(1) must have done表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。否定形式为：can’t / couldn’t have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。

(2) could have done表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了。 (3) may / might have done 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.

(4) ought to / should have done 和 ought not to / shouldn’t have done 用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”

(5) needn’t have done 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要， 意为“本没必要…”。 *did not need to do 动作并没发生。

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考点2. 特殊用法 (1) should 表示惊讶

1. I am surprised__ this city is a dull place to live in.2006 A. that you should think B. by what you are thinking C. that you would think D. with what you were thinking

(2) Can’t but + V.,表示不得不，与have to同义。Can’t help +Ving 忍不住。 (3) cannot … too / enough 表示 “无论怎么……也不算过分”、“越……越好”

(4) may/ might as well + 动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”，相当于had better (5) may well + 动词原形”，意为“（完全）能，很可能” (6) may as well as还是…好了

语法考点之三 ：非谓语动词 考点1：不定式

(1) 考察哪些动词接不定式；

(2) 考察哪些短语接不带to的不定式； Had better/had best

Would rather/would rather … than/rather than/would sooner/would sooner…than Cannot but/cannot help but/do nothing but/do nothing besides/do nothing than Why引导的疑问句

(3)考察动词不定时的时态和语态： 进行式to be doing, 完成式to have done;

一般式被动语态to be done;

完成式被动语态to have been done。 另外，不定式短语有将来时的意思； 考点2：动名词

(1) 常接动名词做宾语的词：mind(介意), miss(逃过), mention(提及), prevent, postpone, practice, risk(冒险),

resist(抵制), consider(考虑), admit(承认), avoid(避免), appreciate(感激), fancy(幻想), finish(完成)，feel like(喜欢), escape(逃脱), ensure(确保) , delay(延迟), deny(否认), resent, detest, imagine(想象), suggest(建议) (2) 介词后的ing：

prevent/stop/keep sb /sth from doing 阻止…做…

spend/waste time /money in doing 在做…方面花钱、浪费时间或金钱； how /what about doing sth 做…怎么样了？

Have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在…方面有些困难； There is no sense in doing (做…是没有理由的)

Thank / admire /praise/blame /scold/ punish sb for doing sth因做某事而感谢、羡慕、表扬、责备、惩罚某人 (3) 接动名词做介词to 的宾语：

apply oneself to致力于；be accustomed to习惯于；confess to供认；come to谈到；devote oneself to献身于；get down to着手做；give way to 对…让步；lead to导致；look forward to期待；next to几乎；object to反对；pay attention to注意；stick to坚持；stand up to勇敢面对；turn to求助于；be used to习惯于 考点3：分词 (1)从语态上看，

现在分词一般表主动， 过去分词一般表被动； (2)从时态上看， 现在分词表示进行，

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过去分词表示过去。

如果分词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，分词用完成时。 （3）现在分词的否定形式是not放在分词之前。

*非谓语动词解题三步曲： 一、首先确定主句； 二、分析主动被动； 三、分析动作先后

1. _____ should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.2010

A. To be not tall B. Not being tall C. Being not tall D. Not to be tall

2. \ . 2009

A. the man who has prepared the documents... B. the man who has been preparing the documents... C. the man who is preparing the documents... D. the man who will prepare the documents...

3. ______ at in this way, the situation does not seem so desperate.2000 A. Looking B. looked C. Being looked D. to look

4. If not ____ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.2004 A. being treated B. treatedC. be treated D. having been treated 5. ______, he can now only watch it on TV at home. 1998 A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match

C. Not having obtained a ticket for the match D. Not obtained a ticket for the match

6. He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, ______insufficiently poplar with all members.1996 A. having considered B. was considered

C. was being considered D. being considered

7. He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder______ out and three men climbing down it. 1995

A. throwing B. being thrown C. having thrown D. having been thrown 8. This missile is designed so that once _____nothing can be done to retrieve it.1995 A. fired B. being fired C. they fired D. having fired

考点4：独立主格 （句中没有连接词， 逗号分开两个句子， 存在两个主语。

形式：名词/代词＋分词）。

(1) 分词短语作状语时，有自己独立的逻辑上的“主语”，相当于各种形式的状语，表示一种伴随的动作、情况或表原因

(2) 介词（with）+名词+形容词/副词+分词，表示伴随行动做或补充说明

1. Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat ______ by far the biggest cereal crop.2003

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