物理化学核心教程第二版最全课后习题答?沉文?南京大学) - 百度文库 ر

ġܶʼֵԭĸH2(g)O2(g)ͨȼաȱըͿصȶ;ˮֻҪʼ̬̬ͬõ?U?HֵҲͬԼ;ͬ飬ֵȡĸ

ѧӦȵĸǺҪģաԺֻҪ漰ѧӦҪõӦȵĸ磬ڻѧӦĦʱУڻѧƽУ÷ӦGibbs淴Ӧȵı仯жϻѧ仯ķ޶ȣڻѧѧ÷Ӧ巴ӦʣԼڵ绯ѧУõ绯ѧʵ㷴ӦΪ1 molʱѧı仯ֵȣҪõӦȵĸԱջѧӦȵĸ

ñ׼Ħʺͱ׼Ħȼ㻯ѧӦĦʱʱĴDzһģҪΪʲôһϰʱͲˡ

Ҫѧѧݱڽѧϰ͹жʮõġ ˼ο

1ж˵Ƿȷжϵݡ

1״̬״̬жֵ״̶̬״̬Ҳ͹̶ˡ

2״̬ı״̬һı䡣

3Ϊ?U?QV, ?H?QpQV, Qpضµ״̬

4ѧһɣΪУһϵͳҪ

5ڵѹ£ûеijеҺ壬ʹҺ¶ʱ?H?Qp?0

6ijһѧӦձнУЧӦΪQ1ʱΪ?H1ѧӦųɷӦͬĿأʹѧӦ͵طӦʼ̬̬ͬʱЧӦΪQ2ʱΪ?H2?H1??H2

𣺣1ԡΪ״̬״̬ĵֵ״̶̬е״̬жֵ֮״̬жֵ״̬Ҳͱ̶ˡ

2ԡȻ״̬ı״̬ı䣬һı䡣磬ϵͳһ¹̣ѹ״̬˸ı䣬ϵͳ״̬ԭIJͬ¶״̬ûиı䡣

3ԡѧUH״̬?U?H ״̬ıQVQpض״̬ıȣQVQp״̬

4ԡϵͳԽѧϵͳ͹̡ǣϵͳ¶Ȼ½

5ԡΪϵͳле裬˻еʱWf?0Բ?H?Qpʹʹ?H?QpʽѹWf?0һҲ١

6ԡΪH״ֻ̬ҪӦʼ̬̬ͬʱֵҲͬ뷴Ӧе;޹أ״̬ʣ;ͬ飬ֵȡǣ̵ЧӦDzȵģQ1?Q2

2ش⣬˵ԭ

1ȻЧߣͬǰ£ÿȻȥǣ𳵣ܷʹ𳵵ٶȼӿ죿

2ZnᷢӦֱڳںܱյнУһŵȸһЩ

3һõȲƳɵԲͲУװѹԲͲе¶뻷ƽ⡣ͻȻͲǣʹѹʱͲǡһͲѹкα仯

4װд߻ĺϳɰӦУN2(g)H2(g)ʵ֮Ϊ

1:3ӦʽΪN2(g)?3H2(g)2NH3(g)ֱ¶ΪT1T2

£ʵⶨųӦΪQp(T1)Qp(T2)Kirchhoffɼʱ

?rHm(T2)??rHm(T)1??T2T1 T?pCrdʵֵԽԭ 𣺣1ȻЧߣǿһ޻Ḷ́ÿһӽƽ̬ԣÿȻȥǣ𳵣޵ʱǿƶġԣ湦ùȻЧʽܴﵽЧʣʹʵʲȻЧʾĿ꿿£ʵʹõȻDzġ

2ȻܱյнʱŵȸһЩΪڷӦʵͬʱ仯ѧһֵܱнʱѧȫΪܣųܾͶࡣڳнʱһֻѧ˷ѹµһֱΪܷųųܾ١

3ͲѹΪѹʱͲڵԳڳٶȺܿ죬Ͳӻȣ൱Ǹȹ̣Ͳ¶Ȼ½ͲֹһͲͨȱڣӻʹ¶뻷ƽ⣬ʱͲڵѹӡ

4KirchhoffʽǷӦȵ1 molʱĵѹЧӦĦӦʱ䡣ʵⶨǷӦƽʱĵѹЧӦںϳɰӦƽ

תʱȽϵֻͣ25%ңʵⶨֵۼĽСӦʹɲ뻯ѧ̵ͬʵֵֵӦǵͬġ

3ľȿ;Ȳ̵ĹùʽW?CV?T㣬ֹĹǷһ?

𣺵ȻһΪͬһʼ̬ȿȲ̲ܵͬһ̬̬¶Ȳͬ?TͬĹҲͬͨȿĹֵǴڲĹ

4ָ3ʽ

1?H?Qp 2?U?QV 3W?nRTlnV1 V2𣺣1ʽڲ͹Wf?0ĵѹ̣dp?0

2ʽڲ͹Wf?0ĵݹ̣dV?0 3ʽ岻͹Wf?0ĵ¿̡ 5ѧĻжйУWQ?U?Hķţ

>0<0?0һɵѧʾʽΪ ?U?Q?W

1

2 van der Waalsĵݡ¹

3 Ӧ Zn(s)?2HCl(aq)?ZnCl2(aq)?H2(g)ڷǾȡѹ½

4 ӦH2(g)?Cl2(g)?2HCl(g)ھȸƿн 5 273.15 K101.325kPa£ˮɱ 𣺣1W = 0 ΪͣѹΪ㡣

Q = 0 ֮໥СԺԲƣ󣬷Ӽܲûб仯ܱ¶Ȳ䣬Բشӻȡ ?U = 0 Ϊ¶Ȳ䣬ѧܽ¶ȵĺ

ΪW = 0Q = 0?U = 0

?H = 0 Ϊ¶Ȳ䣬Ҳ¶ȵĺ

ΪH?U?pV?U = 0?(pV)??(nRT)?0?H = 0 2W = 0 Ϊǵݹ̣͹Ϊ㡣 Q ? 0 ¶ߣϵͳȡ

?U ? 0 ϵͳӻȣʹϵͳѧӡ

?H ? 0 ʵĶʽ?H??U??(pV)??U?V?p>0 3W ? 0 ӦųҪϵͳѹ䣬ųƶ˷ѹԻ

Q ? 0 ӦǷȷӦ

?U ? 0 ϵͳȷֶʹѧ½ ?H ? 0 ΪDz͹ĵѹӦ?H = Qp 4W = 0 ڸУеǺݷӦ͹ Q = 0 ΪõǾȸƿ

?U = 0 ѧһɣغ㣬ѧܲ䡣ԺڲǷ͹£ֻҪھȸзκα仯Q?UW㣬ȸ൱һϵͳ

?H ? 0 ΪھȸƿзķȷӦûб仯ƿڵ¶ȻߣѹҲߣʵĶʽжֵӵġ

?H??U?(?pV) ?H??U?(?pV)?V? p > ? p ?nR? T > ? T 0>,?H 0>,? H 5W ? 0 ̵¶ˮɱϵͳ˷ѹԻ

Q ? 0 ˮɱǷȹ̡

?U ? 0 ϵͳȷֶѧ½ ?H ? 0 Ϊǵѹ䣬?H = Qp

6ͬ¶Ⱥѹ£һֲͬ;ˮ(1)ȼգ(2)Ӧ(3)ȱը(4)ȼϵءзӦУַӦʽʼֱ̬̬ͬ仯;ѧ