conceptions of groups based on some prior assumptions. 5. intercultural communication competence Intercultural competence is the ability to communicate effectively and appropriately with people of other cultures 西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷 类别： 网教 专业： 英语 2016年 12 月 II. Analyze the following cases，and then answer the given questions. 课程名称【编号】：跨文化交际【0859】 A卷 (60%) 大作业 满分：100 分 I. Define the following terms. (40%) 1. nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication is the process by which nonverbal behaviors are used, either singly or in combination with verbal behaviors, in the exchange and interpretation of messages within a given situation or context Case 1 Katherine came to Beijing in 1998 and found a job as an English teacher in a foreign language institute. Soon after her classes began, she found that her students showed no interest in her teaching style. Quite a few of them avoided attending her class. She was feeling quite upset and discouraged so she decided to ask the Director, Prof. Wang reviewed his timetable and suggested they meet at ten o’ clock on Thursday morning. When Thursday came, Katherine arrived at Prof. Wang’s office at the exactly ten o’clock finding him talking with another teacher in Chinese. Seeing that she had come, Prof. Wang smiled and gestured her to sit down. Katherine sat down and the professor excused himself and continued to talk with the other teacher. After five minutes, he finished his conversation, and apologized to Katherine, and began to focus his attention on her situation. Prof. Wang showed great concern and asked her what the problem was. Just as she was discussing her problem, another Chinese teacher interrupted, with a form that required the Director` s signature. The Director smiled, apologized to Katherine again, and turned to talk with the Chinese teacher in Chinese. Katherine became impatient, and wondered why their discussion should be interrupted since she had made an appointment. Also, she was upset and frustrated that they continued to speak Chinese in front of her. Although their talk continued, she was apparently unhappy about what had happened. Questions: How would you explain the Director’s behavior toward Katherine? How would you make the Director understand why Katherine felt frustrated and angry? This is a typical cultural clash between Chinese and Westerners. There is a great difference 2. culture shock Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. The main cause of culture shock is displacement from our \” culture. This lack of common experiences and familiar surroundings creates varying degrees of consequences. 3. Gender Gender and sex are not synonymous. Sex is determined by genetics and biology, while gender is produced and reproduced by society. Societies create meanings of gender; in turn, individuals become gendered as they embody social prescriptions in their personal identities 4. Stereotype A stereotype or \is a commonly held public belief about specific social groups or types of individuals. The concepts of\and \are often confused with many other different meanings. Stereotypes are standardized and simplified in the concept of appointment and its behavior pattern in different cultures. To Americans, an appointment is a confirmation to meet at a precise time. If an appointment is scheduled, both parties should respect the appointment time. For example, if a professor makes an appointment with a student at a certain time, it should not be interrupted by other things or people. In addition, Westerners are good timekeepers; they adhere strictly to schedules. However, Chinese view appointments in a more flexible manner. They are more casual about commitments. This difference in attitudes toward appointment was the root of Katherines unhappiness. Since the Director made an ten a’’Asking about price in Western countries suggests a poor upbringing and privacy therefore should be avoided in conversations. Age, marriage, occupation, income, religion and other personal affairs are personal matters. InBritain, the best topic is the weather. British weather is changing all the time. One can start chatting by simply saying “It's a lovely day today, isn't it?” Besides the weather, it's good to talk about gardens with Brits. Say, “Those roses look really beautiful, don't they?” English people also love their pets. So it's nice to start with “What a lovely dog! What is his name?” InAmerica, people like to talk about sport news, such as American football and basketball. Americans also talk about clothes. So one might say, “That's a nice shirt! Where did you get it?” Weather is a safe topic there, too. clock appointment, he should have tried to avoid any interruption. However, when Katherine arrived on time, the Director was still talking with another teacher. When their meeting finally began, it was interrupted again. There is no wonder Katherine became frustrated and angry. Case 2 Greeting Rituals Why didn’t Dianna tell Lily the prices of her dress and shoes? Why did Dianna leave in a hurry？What should Lily do in greeting and interacting with her business partner? On her first business trip to Britain, Lily from China met her British counterpart, Dianna: Lily: Hello, my name is Lily. Dianna: I’m Dianna. Lily: I really like your dress. How much did it cost? Dianna: Well, uh, I, I don’t remember for sure. Lily: Your shoes are nice too. They look expensive. How much did they cost. Dianna: I must be going now. See you later. Lily: Oh, where are you going? Dianna: Oh, sorry (hurriedly leaves). Questions: Why didn’t Dianna tell Lily the prices of her dress and shoes? Why did Dianna leave in a hurry？What should Lily do in greeting and interacting with her business partner?