第6章习题及参考答案 下载本文

第6章习题和参考答案

6.1 用系统命名法命名下列各化合物。

(1)(CH3)2CHCH2CH2CH2Cl (2)CH3CH2CBr2CH2CH(CH3)2

(CH3)2C-C(CH3)2CH2BrCH2CH2CH3⑷CH3CCCH(CH3)CH2Cl

Cl⑸

CHCCH2CH3CH3⑹C2H5(8)ClHHBrC2H5CHCHCH2CH3Br

BrCH2CH3(7)BrHCC6H5

Cl(9)H3CSO3HCH3(11)Br(12)CH2I

(10)Cl

H(13)BrBrCH3CH3ClCl(14)ClCH3

Cl(15)CH2CHCCBr(16)H3C

CH3C2H5CHCC2H5HH

解:(1)3-甲基-1-氯戊烷; (2)2-甲基-4,4-二溴己烷; (3)2,2,3,3-四甲基-1-溴己烷; (4)4-甲基-5-氯-2-戊炔;

6-1

(5)(Z)-1-氯-1-溴-1-丁烯; (6)2-甲基-1-苯基-1-溴丁烷; (7) (R)-1-苯基-1-溴丙烷; (8)(3R,4R)-3-氯-4-溴己烷; (9) 3-甲基-5-氯苯磺酸; (10)5-氯-1,3-环己二烯; (11) 顺-1-甲基-4-溴环己烷; (12) 3-碘甲基环己烯 (13) (1S,2R,3R)-1-甲基-2,3-二溴环己烷; (14) (S)-2,2,3-三氯丁烷

(15) 4-溴-1-丁烯-3-炔; (16) (3E),(6R)-5,5-二甲基-6-溴-3-辛烯 6.2 写出下列化合物的结构式。

(1) 异丙基氯; (2) 烯丙基溴; (3) β-苯基乙基溴; (4) 对氯苄基溴; (5) 新戊基碘; (6) 叔丁基氯

(7) (S)-2-碘辛烷 (8) 6,7-二甲基-5-氯二环[3.2.1]辛烷

(9) 反-1-苯基-2-氯环己烷 (10) 1,2,3-三氯环己烷所有异构体的稳定构象 解:

(1)CH3CH2CH2CHCH3Cl(3)CH2CH2Br(2)BrCH2CHCH2

(4)ClCH2Br

CH3(5)H3CCCH2ICH3CH3C6H13(7)HICH3(8)H3CClCH3(6)H3CCClCH3

Ph(9)Cl

Cl(10)ClCl6.3 写出1-溴丁烷与下列试剂反应的主要产物。

(1) NaOH水溶液;(2) KOH醇溶液;(3) Mg + 乙醚;(4) (3)的产物 + D2O

6-2

ClClClClClCl

(5) 苯 + AlCl3;(6) NaI的丙酮溶液;(7) CH3C≡CNa;(8) NaOC2H5 解:

(1)CH3CH2CH2CH2OH(2)CH3CH2CHCH2(3)CH3CH2CH2CH2MgBrCH3(4)CH3CH2CH2CH2D(5)CHCH2CH3(6)CH3CH2CH2CH2I(7)CH3CH2CH2CH2

CCCH3(8)CH3CH2CHCH3OC2H56.4 完成下列各反应式。

(1)CH3CH2CHCH2HCl(A)Mg无 水乙醚Cl2(B)CH3CCH(C)

(2)CH3CHCH2+Cl2500℃(A)+HO2(B)NaOH(C)

(3)CH3CH2CHCH3OHCHClCH3HBr(A)AgNO3,乙醇(B)

(4)Cl+H2ONaHCO3

CH3(5)CH3HBrR-O-O-R'(A)NaCN(B)

(6)hν+Cl2(A)CH3CCNa(B)

CHBrCH2Br(7)①NaNH2②H+

6-3

Cl(8)NaOH/C2H5OH

(9)Cl(10)ClCHBrCHCH2BrMg无 水乙醚

+H2NCH3NaOH/C2H5OHH(11)H3CC6H5C6H5HCl

C2H5(12)H3CHHBrC2H5ClNaOH

(13)H3CCH(CH3)2OH

(14)BrH3C解:

C(CH3)3+NaOC2H5C2H5OH(A)+(B)

⑴(A)CH3CH2CHClCH3(B)CH3CH2CHMgClCH3

(C)CH3CH2CH2CH3+CH3CCMgCl

(2)(A) CH2ClCHCH2(B)CHCHCHCl+22ClOHCH2ClCHClCH2OH

(C)ClCHCHCH22O (3)(A)CH3CH2CHBrCH3(B)CH2CH2CHCH3ONO2+AgBr

6-4

(4)ClCHCH3(5)OH(A)CH3Br(B)CH3CN

CH2Cl(6)(A)(B)CH2CCCH3C(7)CH

(8)

(9)ClMgBr

(10)ClCHCHCH2NHCH3CCC2H5H

(11)H3CC6H5CCC6H5H

(12)H5C2H3C(13)H3C(14)(A)C2H5OH3C

CH(CH3)2

C(CH3)3(B)H3CC(CH3)3

6.5 用化学方法鉴别下列各组化合物。

(1)CH3CH2I、CH2和 CH2CHCH2ClCHCH2Br、CH3CH2CH2Br、(CH3)3CBr

(2)解: (1)CH2CH2BrBrBrBr

CHCH2BrCHCH2ClBr2 + CCl4褪 色褪 色1% AgNO3 + C2H5OHAgBrAgClAgI淡 黄白黄CH3CH2ICH3CH2CH2Br(CH3)3CBr×××1% AgNO3 + C2H5OH 淡 黄AgBrAgBr淡 黄 6-5