Accounting terms

Accounting entity会计主体 Accounting procedure会计核算 Accounting process会计程序/过程 Accounting practice会计核算 Accounting element会计要素 Accounting principle会计原则 Accounting standard会计准则 Accounting assumption会计假设 Accounting equation会计等式

Business=Enterpris企业 Firm=Company公司 Organization组织 Performance业绩 Financial position 财务状况 Operating result业绩、经营成果 Economic activity经济活动 Corporation有限责任公司（股份公司） Assets资产 Liability负债 Owner’s equity 所有者权益 Capital资本 Revenue收入 Income收益 Expense费用 Cost费用、成本 Profit利润 Net income净收益 Loss损失

Users of accounting information

Manager管理者 Shareholder股东 Owner所有者 Accountant会计师 Casher出纳 Bookkeeper记账员 Investor投资者 Creditor债权人 Supplier供货商 Government政府 Public公众

Accounting Entity

Organization：①Not-for-profit organization ②business organization 1.business organization

①Sole Proprietorship Enterprises独资经营企业 ②General Partnership Enterprises普通合伙企业

③Limited Liability Partnership Enterprises有限责任合伙企业 ④Corporation股份公司 2.Corporation

①Owned by one person ②Simple to establish ③Owner controlled ④Tax advantages 3.General Partnership

①Owned by more than one person②Simple to establish③Shared control ④Tax advantages 4.Limited Liability Partnership

①Only for certain occupations ②Limited liability for partnership debts and obligations ③Also a limitation on participation in management 5.Corporation

①Organized as a separate legal entity and owned by stockholders

②Easy to transfer ownership ③Easier to raise funds ④No personal liability

Accounting Principles

Concept概念 Standard准则 Convention惯例 Assumption假设 Rule规则

Accounting Assumptions

Accounting entity assumption会计主体 Going concern assumption持续经营 Money measurement assumption货币计量 Accounting period assumption会计期间

The qualitative characteristics of financial information

Relevant相关性 Reliable可靠性 Comparable可比性 Understandable可理解性 Timeliness及时性 Prudence谨慎性 Materiality重要性 Consistency一贯性

Substance over legal form实质重于形式 Accruals basis权责发生制

Principles about Measurement and Presentation

The Accrual Basis Principle权责发生制原则 The Matching Principle配比原则 The Historical Cost Principle历史成本原则

The Distinction Between Revenue Expenditures and Capital Expenditures Principle划分收益性支出和资本性支出原则

Accounting terms

Double-entry Bookkeeping Double-entry system

Account title会计科目 Code /chart of account title会计科目表 Accounting entry 会计主体

Debit 借 Credit 贷 Increase增加 Decrease减少 Sum总额 Balance余额 a debit balance 借方余额 a credit balance贷方余额 Trial balance试算平衡 Total amount of debits/credits借/贷方金额合计 Accounting cycle会计循环 Fiscal year会计年度

System accounting

Account账户 Types of accounts账户的种类 Accounting record会计档案

Types of accounts

Account book账本 Ledger分类账 Journal日记账 General ledger总分类账 Subsidiary Ledger明细分类账 General Journal总日记账 Special Journal特种日记账

Accounting Elements

Assets资产 Liabilities 负债 Profit利润 Owners' Equity所有者权益 Expenses费用 Revenue收入

liabilities

Current liabilities流动负债 Non-current liabilities非流动负债

Short-Term Note Payable短期应付票据 Long-Term Note Payable长期应付票据

Accrued liabilities应记负债 Wages Payable /Salaries Payable应付职工薪酬 Taxes Payable 应交税费 Dividends Payable应付股利 long-term liabilities长期负债 Contingent liabilities或有负债

Accrued expenses预提费用 Current Ratio流动比率 Long-term loans payable长期借款 Long-term accounts payable长期应付款 Bonds payable应付债券 Capital lease融资性租赁 Operating lease经营性租赁 Notes payable应付票据

Accounts payable应付账款 Unearned Fees=Unearned Revenue预收账款 Current maturities of long-term debt将于一年内到期的长期负债

Owners equity

Dividend股利 Corporation公司 Stock股票/存货 Board of directors董事会 Capital stock股本 Preferred stock优先股

Owner’s Capital所有者权益 Common Stock普通股 Share股份 Capital reserve资本公积 Statutory Surplus reserve盈余公积

Additional paid-in Capital资本溢价/资本公积 Paid-in capital投入资本/实收资本 Shareholder=stockholder=director股东 Retained earnings=retained capital留存收益 Original voucher/source voucher原始凭证 Recording voucher记账凭证 Sales invoice销售发票 Receipt收据 Make entries做会计分录 Adjusting entries调整分录 Posting过账 Closing entries结账

The Income Statement利润表 The Balance Sheet资产负债表

The Cash Flow Statement现金流量表 Prepare financial statements财务报表 A Statement of Changes in Equity所有者权益变动表

Current Assets

Current assets流动资产 Quick assets速冻资产 Cash现金 Short-term investment短期金融投资 Cash equivalent现金等价物 Cash receipt现金收入 Cash disbursement现金支出

Petty cash fund备用金 Bank reconciliation statement银行存款余额调节表 Dividends Receivable 应付股利 Inventory存货

Gross method总价法 Net method净价法 Bad debts坏账 Accounts receivables应收账款 Notes receivables应收票据

Discount trade discount商业折扣 Cash discount /sales discount现金折扣 Direct write-off method直接冲销法 allowance method备抵法 Non-trade receivables非营业应收款 Interest receivables应收利息 Dividends receivables应收股利 Other receivable其它应收款

Inventories

Raw material原材料 Finished goods成品 Merchandise商品 Goods in process在成品 Partially finished goods /Semi-finished goods半成品 Low-value and perishable articles低值易耗品

Low-valued and easily-damaged implements价格低廉的易耗用品

Perpetual inventory system永续盘存制 Periodic inventory system定期盘存制 Raw material to be used in the production用于生产的原材料 All kinds of materials,fuels,containers各种材料，燃料，包装物

Non-Current Assets

Bond债券 Land土地 Depreciation折扣 Bonds investment债券投资

Non-Current assets非流动资 Intangible assets无形资产 Shares investments股票投资 Revenue expenditure营业支出 Capital expenditure资产支出Long-term investment长期投资 Plant asset=Fixed assets固定资产

Bonds investment

Market value市场价 Premium溢价 Discount折扣 Salvage value残值

Amortized cost摊销成本 Useful life使用年限 Cost -----historical cost历史成本 Accumulated Depreciation加速折旧法

Types of Bonds Payable

Convertible bonds可兑换债券 Callable bonds可提前（可通知）偿还的债券 Secured bonds担保债券 Unsecured bonds无担保债券 Term bonds定期债券 Serial bonds分期还本债券 Registered bonds记名债券 Bearer bonds不记名债券

Present value现值 Face value/principal value面值 Maturity value到期值 Contractual interest rate合同利率 Market interest rate市场利率 Effective interest rate实际利率

Common Stock dividends

Cash dividends现金股利 Stock dividends股票股利 Property dividends财产股利 Fixed dividends股利事先确定 Limited voting rights有限的投票权 Dividends set down in advance先于普通股发放