摘 要

本文首先介绍了起重机的概念和分类，以及在国内外的发展概况。接着对桥式起重机的特点、分类以及构造进行了详细的叙述。并且对所设计的起升机构进行了三维建模和有限元分析。其中，本次设计的起重机为50t/20t双梁桥式起重机，主要用于各车间分段生产线和钢材堆场等处。桥式起重机本身作横向移动，车架上的绞车作纵向移动，吊在绞车上的吊钩作垂向移动，三个方向的运动的合成才能使起重机起作用。

本课题主要对50t/20t双梁桥式起重机的主起升机构、副起升机构、主起升机构卷筒组及滑轮组、副起升机构卷筒组及滑轮组、卷筒、滑轮、轴等进行设计。

设计过程中查阅了大量的国内外的相关资料，所做的设计运用了大量的专业课程知识。通过确定传动方案，选择滑轮组和吊钩组，选择合适的钢丝绳，计算滑轮的主要尺寸，确定卷筒尺寸并验算其强度，选择合适的电动机、减速器、制动器和连轴器，使得起重设备运行平稳，定位准确，安全可靠，性能稳定。

关键字：桥式起重机； 减速器； 制动器； 联轴器； 卷筒

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Abstract

This paper firstly introduces the concept and classification of the crane, as well as the developments at home and abroad. Then the crane’s characteristics, classification and structure are analyzed in detail. And the design of the hoisting mechanism has 3D modeling and finite element analysis. Among them, the design of the crane is the 50t / 20t double beam bridge crane, mainly used in the workshop section production line and steel yard. Bridge crane itself is used to do lateral movement; winch frame is used to do longitudinal movement, the hook which hanging in the winch is used to do vertical movement, the movement in three directions makes the crane function well.

The main topic of the 50t / 20t double girder overhead traveling crane is the main lifting mechanism, auxiliary lifting mechanism, the main lifting mechanism for drum group and a pulley block, auxiliary lifting mechanism of reel group and pulley, pulley shaft, drum, and other design.

The process of the design was accessed to a large number of domestic and international relevant information; the design used a large number of professional courses. Firstly, by determining the transmission scheme, selecting the pulley and hook group, choosing the right wire rope pulley, calculating the main dimensions, determining the reel size and checking its strength, choosing the appropriate motor, reducer, brake and shaft coupling. All used to achieve the lifting equipment running smoothly, locating accurately, safety and reliability, technical performance and stability.

Key words: Crane; Reducer; Brakes; Coupling; Reel

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目 录

1 绪论............................................................................................................................ 1

1.1 选题意义.......................................................................................................... 1

1.1.1 起重机的概述........................................................................................ 1 1.1.2 起重机的国内外发展状况.................................................................... 2 1.2 设计内容.......................................................................................................... 3 1.3 设计参数.......................................................................................................... 3 1.4 设计目的.......................................................................................................... 3 1.5 设计要求.......................................................................................................... 3 2 设计方法与实施方案.............................................................................................. 5

2.1 起重机结构介绍.............................................................................................. 5 2.2 起升结构.......................................................................................................... 5 2.3 运行机构.......................................................................................................... 5 2.4 传动方案的确定.............................................................................................. 6 3 主起升机构设计........................................................................................................ 8

3.1 滑轮组的选取.................................................................................................. 8 3.2 钢丝绳的选取.................................................................................................. 9 3.3 确定滑轮主要尺寸........................................................................................ 10 3.4 卷筒的选取.................................................................................................... 11 3.5 电动机的选取................................................................................................ 12 3.6 算电动机的发热条件.................................................................................... 13 3.7 标准减速器的选取........................................................................................ 13 3.8 起升速度和实际所需功率的验算................................................................ 14 3.9 减速器输出轴强度校核................................................................................ 14 3.10制动器的选取............................................................................................... 15 3.11联轴器的选取 ............................................................................................... 15 3.12高速浮动轴的计算....................................................................................... 16 4 副起升机构设计...................................................................................................... 19

4.1 滑轮组的选取................................................................................................ 19 4.2 钢丝绳的选取................................................................................................ 20 4.3 确定滑轮主要尺寸........................................................................................ 21 4.4 卷筒的选取.................................................................................................... 21 4.5 电动机的选取................................................................................................ 23 4.6 验算电动机发热条件.................................................................................... 24 4.7 标准减速器的选取........................................................................................ 24 4.8 起升速度和实际所需功率的验算................................................................ 25 4.9 减速器输出轴强度校核................................................................................ 25 4.10 制动器的选取.............................................................................................. 26 4.11 联轴器的选取 .............................................................................................. 26 4.12 高速浮动轴的计算...................................................................................... 27 5 起升机构三维建模及钢丝绳的维护...................................................................... 30

5.1 起升机构三维建模........................................................................................ 30

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