speaking

I always get stuck when I come across a new word. 遇到生词时我总是被难住。

[点拨]get stuck =be stuck为被动语态，stick 被用作动词时本意为“固定”，在

不同情况下译法不同。 eg.1. I was stuck by the question. 我被这问题难住了。

eg.2. As it was growing dark, I came to a car stuck in a drift. 天快黑时，我来到了一辆陷入雪堆里的汽车跟前。 stick 另一种用法为“伸出来”常于out, out of 或up连用。 eg.1. He saw a branch sticking up in the water.

他看见一根树枝露出水面。

eg.2. From space the earth like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches

of land sticking out above the water.

从太空看，地球就像一个巨大的被水覆盖的球体，上面有几块突出

水面的陆地。

固定短语stick to 粘住；坚持；坚守

eg.1. Glue has stuck to my fingers. 胶水粘住了我的手指。 eg.2. But Einstein stuck to his theory and went on with his research. 但是爱因斯坦坚持他的理论，继续从事他的研究。

注意：stick to中的to是介词，后跟名词，名词性从句或代词，不能跟动词，也不跟动名词，即使表示“坚持干某事之意”。

如：stick to one’s plans坚持方案, stick to one’s promise坚守诺言, stick to it不

停地努力,I stick to what I said yesterday.我仍然坚持我昨天的话。 而insist on多用于“坚持意见、看法、主张。后常接动词的-ing形式： eg. I insist on telling him how great you are. 我一定要告诉他你是多么的了不起。 [点拨]come across译为“偶然遇到”“偶然发现” eg. I come across her in Paris.

我在巴黎偶然遇到了她。

come构成的短语有：come about发生 come at袭击 come into being产生 come back to life复活

come back回来，想起 come out出版，印刷 come up出现，发芽 I have been studying English for so long now.到现在我已经学了很久的英语了。 [点拨]have been doing 为现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去开始一直持续到

现在，有可能继续延续下去或动作刚刚停止。

eg.1. All these years they have been fighting heroically for independence. 这些年来他们一直为独立而英勇战斗。

eg.2. They have been making oiled paper umbrellas for more than 400 years. 他们制造油纸雨伞已经有四百多年的历史了。

?? but now I feel as if I’m not making any progress.可是现在我感觉好象没有进展。 [点拨]as if/though 意为“就像……似的，就仿佛……似的”连词词性，引导

的从句中，谓语常用虚拟语气。

eg.1. I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. 我记得事情的全部经过就像发生在昨天一样。 eg.2. As if I cared! 我才不在乎呢！

当从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致，从句谓语中又包含动词be时，这个主

语和动词be省略。

eg.1. From time to time, John turned around as if(he was)searching something. 约翰不时的转过身来仿佛在找什么东西。 eg.2. He paused, as if to let the painful memories pass. 他顿了顿，像要避开那些痛苦的回忆。

[点拨]make progress意为“前进、进展、取得进步、（病情）有好转”，progress为不可数名词。

eg.1. Jane is still in hospital, but she is making progress. 简仍在医院里，但她的病情正有所好转。

eg.2. He made great progress in speaking English. 他在英语口语方面已大有进展。 Reading

Learning a foreign language: Twice as hard? 学习外语：双倍的努力？ [点拨]此句为省略句，完整的句子应为：Does learning a foreign language have

to be twice as hard as learning our mother tongue?

as…as用于事物比较时，根据上下文可以省略被比较部分。 eg.1. I work very hard，but she doesn’t work as hard (as me). 我工作很努力，但她工作不如我努力。

eg.2. I play tennis well. You can’t expect to play tennis as well( as me). 我乒乓球打得好。你不能期望像我一样好。

eg.3. If you were to spend as many hours studying English ,you would make

progress.

如果你花同样多的时间学英语，你会有进步的。

Learning a language is obviously more than just memory words, phrase and structures.学习语言显然不仅仅是记忆单词、词汇或句型。 [点拨]more than意为“不仅仅是”：

eg: He is more than our teacher .He is our friend. 他不仅仅是我们的老师还是我们的朋友。 more than 还有“超过”、“很”、“非常”的意思： They were more than glad to help. 他们非常乐意帮助。

Instead we learnt or acquired our mother tongue by communicating with the people around us.相反，通过与周围人的交流我们学会我们的母语。 [点拨]acquire经过一个过程或通过自己的努力等得到

eg.1. By the time, James was twenty, he had acquired a store of his own. 詹姆斯20岁的时候，他拥有了自己的店铺。

eg.2. It’s sometimes possible for a student to master English grammar and

acquire a large vocabulary, even without the help of a teacher.

即使没有老师的帮助，学生也有可能掌握英语语法和大量的词汇。 [点拨]communicate with意为“与……交流/联系”：

eg: They used carrier pigeons to communicate with headquarters. 他们用信鸽与总部联系。

And perhaps most puzzling of all, how were we able to make sense of what we heard. 大概最令人迷惑不解的是，我们如何能够理解我们听到的话。 [点拨]most puzzling of all最令人迷惑不解的 most important of all最为重要的 [点拨]make sense of sth 弄懂……意思：

eg: Can you make sense of this poem? 你懂得这首诗的含义吗？ make sense 有意义

eg: What you say doesn’t make sense /make no sense. 你的话毫无意义。

Some believe that we are equipped with a special ability to learn language and our brain adjust itself to the language of the culture we are born in. 有人认为我们具备特殊的学语言能力，而且我们的大脑能够自我协调以适应我们本族文化的语言。 [点拨]equip A with B 用B装备A

eg: The PLA men are equipped with modern weapons. 解放军战士是用现代化武器装备起来的。

[注意]equip 是指“加设备（或装置）于……”，它的宾语不能是指被设备或被装置的东西的词。

eg: 可以说They equipped the army with modern weapons. 但不可以说：They equipped modern weapons with the army. [点拨]adjust oneself/s.th. to

eg.1. The body adjusts itself to changes in temperature.

身体能自行调节以适应气温变化。

eg.2. You can’t see well through a telescope unless it is adjusted correctly to your sight.除非你把望远镜准确的调节到适合你的视力，否则就看不清楚。

Well-adjusted与他人关系和谐的，善于顺应的

Others think that we learn language in the same way…and that what we are born with is a… .另一些人认为和学习其他事物一样，比如走路，解决问题等，我们用同样的方式学习语言，我们与生俱来的是一种学和用的综合能力，而不是专门的语言学习能力 。

[点拨]上一句的some ，与这一句的others构成固定的句型搭配some…others/other+ n(pl)…意为“一些……另一些……”。

[点拨]that we learn language…与that what we are born with…为谓语动词think 的并列宾语从句，第一个引导词that可以省略，但第二个引导词that不可省略。

[点拨]in the same way 之后省略的关系代词that或in which与we learn other things一起构成way的定语从句。

Regardless of their theories, these language experts do agree that… 尽管众说纷纭，这些语言专家都承认生活是一所成功的语言学校。 [点拨] regardless of 意为 ：不顾，不注意， eg.1. regardless of the consequences 不顾后果 eg.2. regardless of expense 不考虑费用 其反义为regardful of 注意关心 eg: Be more regardful of your own interests. 请多注意你自己的利益。

That may not seem true to you. 对你来说那也许不是真的。 [点拨]may not 表猜测时意为“也许不”，而cann’t用于猜测时表示绝对否定“不可能”。

eg: She can’t be serious.她不可能是当真的。 She may not be serious.她也许不会当真。