语，to spend time in a country 作宾语从句中的表语，where the language is spoken 作 a country 的定语从句。

[点拨]2.关系副词where 引导的定语从句，where 相当于in which 或at which在定语从句中充当地点状语。

eg.1. The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.

他父亲工作的工厂在城市西边。

eg.2. This is the house where we lived last year. 这是我们去年住的房子。

Many school offer exchange program at various academic levels at a reasonable cost.许多学校提供价格合理的不同学术层次的交流计划。 [点拨]at…a level意为“以……水平”又如：consultations at cabinet level 内

阁阁员间的磋商

[点拨]at…a cost 以……为代价、以……的价格 eg.1. to sell sth at cost 照成本卖

eg.2. The battle was won at (a) great cost in human lives. 牺牲了许多士兵的性命才换来的这场战役的胜利。 又如固定搭配：at all costs 不惜任何代价，无论如何

at the cost of牺牲，丧失

eg: He saved his son from drowning, but only at the cost of his own life.

他救了他儿子的命：幸免于溺死，但却牺牲了他自己的命。 …it is also possible that some of them may fall behind in their studies. 一些学生有可能在学习上会落到后面。 [点拨]It is possible that…为固定句型，其中possible也可以用likely替换，意思为“有可能……”。此句型还可用sb be likely to do sth…句型替换。但不可以说sb be possible to do sth.

eg: It’s likely/possible that he will do very well. 他有可能会干得很出色。 [点拨]fall behind意为“落在后面”

eg: Soon he fall behind in the race.

比赛不久，他就落在了后面。

He didn’t want to fall behind in his studies.

他不想在学习上落到了别人的后面。

Grammar 虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood）表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。虚拟语气主要用于条件从句、让步从句和名词性从句中。

（1） 虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法：

条件从句 表示现在情况 条件从句的谓语形式 If I(you, he /she, we, they) +动词过去式 If I(you, he /she, we, they) 表示过去情况 +had+过去分词 If I(you, he /she, we, they) +动词过去式 表示未来情况 If I(you, he /she, we, they) +should+动词原形 If I(you, he /she, we, they) + were to +动词原形 should/would/could/might +动词原形 主句的谓语形式 should/would/could/might +动词原形 should/would/could/might +have+过去分词 根据下面例句进一步理解：

① 与现在事实相反：

If I were you, I should do it in another way. 如果我是你的话，我会用另一种方法做。 ② 与过去事实相反：

If I had not studied hard , I would have failed in the exam. 假如我学习不那么刻苦，就不会通过那次考试了。 ③ 与将来事实相反：

If you missed(were to miss/should miss)the film tonight, you would feel

sorry for it.假如今晚错过了这部电影，你将会感到遗憾的。

（2） 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法：

①在wish后面的宾语从句中，谓语常用过去式来表示现在的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，用would/could/might + 动词原形来表示将来的情况。如：

I wish that she were here with me and that we weren’t sick. I wish I had sent the old man to hospital in time. I wish I could be with you for the next three months.

would rather, as if, it’s time…, what if, if only也有类似用法

②在demand, suggest, order, propose, request, command, insist等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语通常用should + 动词原形或只用动词原形来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。

She suggested we (should) leave early.

The teacher insisted that the students (should) have a test.

考题档案

1. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she , she would have met my

brother.

A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come(MET94) 2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken(MET95) 3. You didn’t let me drive. If we in turn, you so tired. A. drove ; didn’t get B. drove ; wouldn’t get

C. were driving ;wouldn’t get D. had driven ; wouldn’t have

got(MET95)

4. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York.

- Oh, did you? Oh, I with Barbara.

A. could have stayed B. could stay

C. would stay D. must have stayed(MET98) 5. it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the Yangpu Bridge.

A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will(上海94)

6. Jane’s pale face suggested that she ill, and her parents suggested that she a medical examination.

A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has(上海94)

7. for the free tickets, I wouldn’t have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not

C. Had it not been D. If they were not(上海95)

8.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she something would regret later.

A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said(上海96)

9.Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night , too cold for us to live.

A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly(上海97) 10. If only he quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.

A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie(上海2000)

11. What would have happened , as far as the river back? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther(上海2001)

12. If you had your test paper carefully before handing it in, you would have made fewer mistakes.

A. looked up B. thought about C. gone over D. gone round(上海2000)

13. If I had hurried, I the train.

A. would catch B. will have caught

C. would have caught D. had caught(92成人高考) 14. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 15.____be sent to work there?

A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should

C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should 参考答案：1-5:DCDAB 6-10:BCDAC 11-15:CCCBA

一课一测 （检测自己的能力） A级（基础训练）

Ⅰ.单项填空

1. She is ____ to leave as soon as possible.

A. hurried B. anxious C worried D. nervous 2. As we joined the big I got _____ from my friends A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed

3. News reports say peace talks between the two countries _____with no agreement reached.

A. have broken down B. have broken out C. have broken in D. have broken up

4. ——I didn’t see your sister at the meeting .

_____But she ____the meeting .she just arrived 5 minutes late

A. attended B. has attended C. had attended D. was going to

attend

5. I soon found that the work I was doing had already been done by someone else , I was waste my time.

A. in words B. in a word C. in other words D. in many