2019届二轮复习语法专题 主谓一致学案

英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三大原则：意义一致原则、就近一致原则和语法一致原则。这三个原则发生冲突时，优先考虑意义一致原则。

一、意义一致原则

①A needle and thread was given to her, but she could not sew the button on.

针线给了她，但她不会把纽扣缝起来。

②Many a large and big business has been built up from small ones. 很多大企业都是从小规模发展起来的。

③Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.

每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。 ④To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一个好习惯。

⑤The factory used three fifths of the raw materials, the rest of which were saved for other purposes.

工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三， 剩余部分节省出来作为他用。 ⑥Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday. 昨天只干了60%的工作。

[规律总结]

1．由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)，谓语动词用单数。

2．“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。

3．非谓语动词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 4．含修饰语的名词作主语的特殊情况

(1)many a/more than one＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

(2)the rest, the remaining/part ...＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。

(3)分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的意义。

二、就近一致原则

①Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.

要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。

②Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. 不仅学生而且老师也喜欢这部电影。

③There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil-box. ＝There are two pens and a pencil in the pencil-box. 文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。

[规律总结]

1．由or, nor, either ... or, neither ... nor, not only ... but (also)连接的并列主语，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。

2．there be句型中，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 三、语法一致原则

①All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health.

所有的科学证据表明，农业上越来越多的应用化工产品正在损害我们的健康。 ②With more and more forests being destroyed, a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.

＝With more and more forests being destroyed, quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.

随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。 ③This new type of buses is now on show.

这种新型的公共汽车现在正在展出。

④Mr Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is going to visit Beijing this summer.

史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。

[规律总结]

1．主语和谓语通常遵循语法一致的原则，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。

2．a quantity of接名词时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。quantities of后接复数名词、不可数名词，后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。

3．由“kind(form, type, sort, species, portion, series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。

4．主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等附属成分时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。

1．(2017·江苏高考)The publication of GreatExpectations, which ________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.

A．is C．was

B．are D．were

解析：选C 句意：《远大前程》这部小说的出版发行受到各界的评论和高度赞扬，它巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。分析句子结构可知，which指代“The publication of GreatExpectations”，故定语从句中的谓语动词应该使用单数形式；根据句中的strengthened可知，应使用一般过去时态。故答案为C。

2．(2017·天津高考)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.

A．regard

B．is regarded