摘要

摘 要

序言

由于BLDC无刷直流电动机既具有交流电动机的结构简单、运行可靠、维护方便等一系列优点，又具备直流电动机的运行效率高、无励磁损耗以及调速性能好等诸多优点，故在当今国民经济各领域应用日益普及。

一个多世纪以来，电动机作为机电能量转换装置，其应用范围已遍及国民经济的各个领域以及人们的日常生活中。其主要类型有同步电动机、异步电动机和直流电动机三种。由于传统的直流电动机均采用电刷以机械方法进行换向，因而存在相对的机械摩擦，由此带来了噪声、火化、无线电干扰以及寿命短等弱点，再加上制造成本高及维修困难等缺点，从而大大限制了它的应用范围，致使目前工农业生产上大多数均采用三相异步电动机。

针对上述传统直流电动机的弊病，早在上世纪30年代就有人开始研制以电子换向代替电刷机械换向的BLDC无刷直流电动机。经过了几十年的努力，直至上世纪60年代初终于实现了这一愿望。上世纪70年代以来，随着电力电子工业的飞速发展，许多高性能半导体功率器件，如GTR、MOSFET、IGBT、IPM等相继出现，以及高性能永磁材料的问世，均为BLDC无刷直流电动机的广泛应用奠定了坚实的基础。

关键字：BLDC，各个领域，发展，高性能

I

目录

ABSTRACT

Preface

Due to a series of advantages of the structure of BLDC brushless DC motor not only has the simple AC motor, reliable operation, convenient maintenance and so on, but also have many advantages of DC motor and high operation efficiency, no excitation loss and good speed performance, the application in various fields of today's national economy growing popularity.

More than a century, the motor as an electromechanical energy conversion devices, its application scope has been in every field of the national economy and people's daily life. A synchronous motor, induction motor and DC motor for the three main types of. Because the conventional DC motor adopts brush reversing in a mechanical way, so there are relative mechanical frictions, which brings the cremation, radio interference and noise, short life and other weaknesses,shortcomings coupled with high manufacturing cost and difficult maintenance etc, which greatly limits its scope of application, resulting in the current agricultural and industrial production most adopt the three-phase asynchronous motor.

In view of the disadvantages of traditional DC motor, in the early 30's of the last century began to develop in the electronic commutation instead of brush commutation of Brushless DC motor BLDC. After decades of effort, until in the early 60 century finally realized this desire. The last century since the 70's, with the rapid development of power electronics industry, many high performance semiconductor power devices, such as GTR, MOSFET, IGBT, IPM appeared in succession, and the advent of high performance permanent magnetic materials, and laid a solid foundation for wide application of BLDC in Brushless DC motor.

Keywords: BLDC, each field, the development of high performance

II

目录

目 录

摘 要 ................................................................................................................................. I 目录 .................................................................................................................................. II 第1章

引言 ................................................................................................................. 1

1.1设计目的和要求 ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1.1设计的目的 ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1.2设计的要求 ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2设计的主要内容 ........................................................................................................ 1 1.3设计原则 .................................................................................................................... 1 第2章

小区环境与住宅情况 ..................................................................................... 3

2.1 小区的位置与气候 ................................................................................................... 3 2.2 住宅小区基本情况 ................................................................................................... 3 第3章

住宅小区负荷计算 ......................................................................................... 4

3.1供配电系统概述 ........................................................................................................ 4 3.2负荷分级及供电要求 ................................................................................................ 4 3.2.1 负荷分级的相关规范 ............................................................................................ 4 3.2.2本工程的负荷情况 ................................................................................................. 5 3.3 电源及高压供配电系统 ........................................................................................... 6 3.3.1电源的选择 ............................................................................................................. 6 3.3.2根据用户的需求判断 ............................................................................................. 7 3.3负荷计算 .................................................................................................................... 8 3.3.1住宅小区住户照明用电计算方法 ......................................................................... 8 3.3.2其他负荷计算方法 ............................................................................................... 10 3.3.3详细负荷计算方法 ................................................................................................ 11 3.3.4其他用电负荷计算 ............................................................................................... 13 第4章

电源配电房设备及发电油机的比较与选择 ............................................... 15

4.1配电房设备 .............................................................................................................. 15 4.1.1断路器与熔断器 ................................................................................................... 17 4.1.2直流供电系统 ....................................................................................................... 17 4.2电油机 ...................................................................................................................... 18

III

目录

4.2.1油机发电机组 ....................................................................................................... 18 4.2.2柴油发动机和汽油发动机的比较 ....................................................................... 18 4.2.3电动机的启动 ....................................................................................................... 19 4.2.4对双电源切换的要求 ........................................................................................... 21 4.2.5发电机循环运行时间 ........................................................................................... 22 第5章

电气安全、防雷和接地保护 ....................................................................... 24

5.1安全常识 .................................................................................................................. 24 5.2防雷系统的概述、等级和措施 .............................................................................. 24 5.2.1防雷系统的概述 ................................................................................................... 24 5.2.2建筑物的防雷等级 ............................................................................................... 24 5.2.3高层建筑物的防雷措施 ....................................................................................... 26 5.3接地系统概述 .......................................................................................................... 29 参考文献 ........................................................................................................................ 32 致谢 ................................................................................................................................ 33 附录 ................................................................................................................................ 34 附表一 噪声的标准 ...................................................................................................... 34 附表二 变压器进线柜图 .............................................................................................. 35 附表三 配电柜出线图 .................................................................................................. 36 附表四 发电机接线图 .................................................................................................. 37 附表五 配电室接地图 .................................................................................................. 38

IV

第1章 引言

第1章 引言

1.1设计目的和要求

1.1.1设计的目的

随着人们对生活环境和品质的不断提高，高科技的发展，电与人们的生活越来越密切相关了。建筑物的用电系统的重要性就越来越突出，范围越来越广。而世界的资源是有限的。所以我们要合理的使用电力资源。本次设计就是为了让电力更好的得到合理使用，减少无功功率的消耗，也让用电更加安全、可靠、便捷。 1.1.2设计的要求

把居民用电和非居民用电分开调控；

设计电路的线路简单，降低造价成本；如：减少电缆的米数; 备用发电机电源的独立和消防、紧急照明的用电安全等。

1.2设计的主要内容

这次的设计内容为小区配送电线路设计，我们要通过对小区配电方案的合理选择及配电线路的合理设计来实现小区配电的合理性、安全性、可靠性、经济性和可持续发展性。

1.3设计原则

节能环保安全是设计的唯一原则，我们以这个出发点去思考，去设计这个小区的配送电电路图。

1、城网规划应坚持建设资源节约型和环境友好型电网的原则，应同时考虑降低投资成本和提高运行经济性。

2、城网规划设计时应在噪声、工频电场和磁场、高频电磁波、通信干扰等多

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